自助團體對體重控制之影響

The Effect of Self-Help Group to a Weight Control Program

本研究主要的目的在探討自助團體及飲食運動知識介入對體重改變指標（體重、體脂肪、BMI）與行為改變指標（每週飲食卡路里、運動、宵夜、與記錄次數）的改變與維持成效之影響。以三十個BMI＞25之大學生為研究對象，隨機分配至控制組（不做任何實驗操弄，N＝10）、實驗組I：飲食運動組（飲食與運動知識介入，N＝10）與實驗組II：自助團體組（自助團體＋飲食與運動知識介入，N＝10）三組。自助團體組主要的特色是除了每週規律運動及飲食營養知識課程外，團員每週定期聚會三十分鐘，目的是讓受試者有機會在一起分享個人減重的經驗、困擾或成功的原因，訂定每週減重目標以及並與營養師諮詢健康料理等相關資訊。自助團體組與飲食運動組在八週的實驗操弄介入與三個月追蹤期中，其體重、體脂肪、BMI改變與維持成效有明顯效果。研究結果如下：一、在八週操弄介入與追蹤三個月中（共五個月），自助團體組（實驗組II）與飲食運動組（實驗組I）在體重、體脂肪、BMI的下降均顯著優於控制組，且自助團體組的體重控制（減重）效果較飲食運動組佳。二、自助團體與飲食運動知識的操弄介入對體重、體脂肪、BMI改變與維持是有成效的，尤以體脂肪的效果最佳，BMI次之、體重較小。三、自助團體組與飲食運動組組間無論在前後測和追蹤期（有三期，三個月內每個月一期追蹤一次）每日飲食之卡路里、每週運動次數、每週宵夜次數、每週記錄天數四種行為改變指標幾乎全無差異，此與體重、體脂肪、BMI的改變與維持之成效是一致的；然而在追蹤期的第三期中發現每週運動次數達顯著差異（p＜0.05），自助團體組的平均值1.6大於飲食運動組0.692，表示自助團體組的每週運動次數比飲食運動組多，亦顯示多運動有助於體重控制。四、在追蹤期的三個月內中，飲食運動組組內只有2個人有全程紀錄飲食運動行為，顯示光靠記錄飲食運動的行為改變技術是不易持續長久的行為。有自助團體的團員互相增強行為，記錄飲食運動的行為才能持續，以達體重控制與維持的成效。The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-help group and nutrition & exercise group to a weight control program. Thirty college students whose BMI > 25 participated at the program and were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control group, nutrition & exercise group, and self-help group (N=10 for each group). The complete weight control program consisted of an 8-week treatment and a 3-month follow-up check. Along with the weekly regular exercise and nutrition knowledge program, the main function of self-help group was to conduct a 30-min. weekly group meeting. In the meetings, members had the chance get together to share personal experiences, difficulties, or success of weight control, to set their weekly weight control goals, and to consult cooking information with a nutritionist. Data showed that the self-help group and nutrition & exercise group had statistically significant differences in body weight, body % fat, and BMI after 5-month complete weight control program. The results were as the followings: 1. After a 5-month complete weight control program, self-help group and nutrition & exercise group had better results in body weight, body % fat, and BMI than control group. Self-help group was even better than nutrition & exercise group. 2. Body % fat was greatly reduced, then BMI and weight in both of the self-help group and nutrition & exercise group. 3. There were no significant differences between self-help group and nutrition & exercise group in behavior modification index including daily calories taken/per week, frequencies of exercise/per week, frequencies of night snack/per week, and frequencies of keeping record/per week through a 5-month complete weight control program. However, during the 3rd follow-up check, self-help group had statistically significant higher frequencies of exercise/per week than nutrition & exercise group (p<0.05). The mean of frequencies of exercise/per week for self-help group was 1.6 greater than 0.692 of nutrition & exercise group. It showed that more exercise promoted the weight control. 4. Only 2 persons in the nutrition & exercise group consistently completed the journal pages during the 3-month follow-up check. It showed that the behavior modification was unlikely to be persistent without the empowerment from a support system.