論美國TPP藥品知識產權建設條款對公共健康之反作用－－與TRIPS之比較

A Comparison with TRIPS：The Negative Effects of TPP Pharmaceutical IPRs Proposals of United States on Public Health

TPP美國建議稿中的藥品知識產權條款大大突破了TRIPS的最低水平，對藥品知識產權的所有核心環節進行了全面整合，大有對全球藥品知識產權保護規則重新護制之意。盡管該建議稿也包含了一些公共健康條款，但整體而言，存在嚴重的失衡。若要消解現有文本對公共健康的巨大壓力，需克服一定困難與障礙。於我國而言，TPP提供了借助FTAs選擇性植入了某些規則，推進秩序轉變的範例。我國應基於TRIPS實施近二十年來已經變化了的國際社會情況以及自身情況的改變，合理評估相關條款的風險，于適當時機，擇合適路徑，參與新一輪規則的制定。Proposals of the United States for harmaceutical IPRs will bring enormous negative effects to public health. And those proposals will also break up the minimum standards in TRIPS, and have shown an intention of estab-lishing new global rules. On the whole, its present construction is unbalanced seri-ously though several public health articles are included. Some possible solutions are available but difficulties and barriers exist as well. As far as China is con-cerned, Tpp is a model of pushing forward order transformation by inputting se-lected fules to international IPRs world through FTAs. Our country shall assess risks of related articles based on the changed situation of society both at home and abroad over twenty years after the enforcement of TRIPS, and choose proper chance to join in the new rule-making process.