NAFTA下美國關于「公平與公正待遇」的國家實踐－－爭端解決的視角

United States practice on Fair and Equitable Treatment under NAFTA - From Perspective of Dispute Settlement

本文首先簡要描述「北美自由貿易協定」（NAFTA）自由貿易委員會（FTC）對公平與公正待遇作出解釋的背景及內容；隨後，文章考察NAFTA下以美國為被申請人的案件，從限定解釋習慣國際法、提高認定門檻、重新解釋公平與公正等三個方面，分析美國對公平與公正待遇的態度，即逐漸縮小公平與公正待遇的內涵及其適用範圍，提高認定違反公平與公正待遇的門檻；最後，結合美國雙邊投資協定（BIT）範本規定的變化，探討美國投資爭端實踐對BIT範本修訂的影響。After briefing the context and content of NAFTA FTC's inter-pretation of Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), this paper reviews NAFTA ca-ses related to FET in which U.S. acts as defendant, and analyzes the attitudes of the U.S. toward FET from the perspectives of a restraint in interpreting customa-ry international law, a requirement of high-threshold burden of proof. and a re-defining of 'Fair'and 'Equitable'. It concludes that U.S. apparently adopts a strict view towards FET, which is also reflected in its rectified BIT models.