區域投資體制中的勞動標準問題

The lssue of Labor Standard in Regional Investment Regime

目前，主動將勞動標準納入區域投資體制與主動將勞動標準納入區域貿易體的國家或國家集團基本一致，主要包括美國、加拿大、新西蘭、歐洲自由貿易聯盟、歐盟部份成員（比利時、盧森堡、奧地利）以及日本。然而勞動標準實踐方面，既有的區域投資體制與區域貿易體制並不完全一致，體現為三種不同類型。它們都具有局部性，並包「不降低要求」，且均明確賦予東道國提高勞動標準方面的政策空間。因而，在與美國、歐盟、日本等發達國家或國家集團談判區域投資體制中的勞動標準條款時，中國需要把握與談判對方既有實踐之間的差距，以便鎖定雙方的共識與利益折中點，以促成相關勞動標準條款盡快談成。Currently, the states who link labor standard with regional investment regime are also those who ling labor standard with the reglonal trade regime. However, labor standards in regional investment regime are quite different from those in regional trade regime. The practice for the linkage can be classified into three different categories, but they share three common features, i e 'partial practice', 'not lowering requirement' as the common provision, and 'providing the host state with flexibility to raise its domestic labor standard'. For the on-going or coming negotations on labor standard clause of regional investment regimes with such developed countries as US, EU and Japan, China should first find out the gap between its practice and that of the counter-party, and then lock the common points of both parties, so that the point for the balance could be reached for the completion of negotiation.