雙邊投投條約的範本意識與差別化實踐當議

Bilateral Investment Treaties: In Pursuit of A Template of Differential Practice

以加拿大2004年雙邊投資條約範本為基礎的中加雙邊投資條約在加拿大國內引發了激烈紛爭，這反映出投資條約範本意識的局限性，也表明了當前投資條約範本意識緣於投資條約的「底線邏輯」。然而，這種邏輯在投資條約實踐中卻不斷擴張。因此，國際社會應反思雙邊投資條約範本的局限性，在發展階段不一樣、實力不對稱的締約伙伴之間，職級考慮納入特殊與差別待遇條款，並限制最惠國待遇條款的多邊傳導效應，鎖定雙邊投資條約的外溢效應，雙而在差異化的雙邊投資條約實踐中實現實質正義的價值追求。The 2012 China-Canada bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT), which is based on the 2004 Canada Model BIT, raised intense internal conflict in Canada. Such situation reflects the limits of the existing model BITs, which are still concentrating on the North-South division and unfriendly to development. The expansion of model BITs follows such logic that the BIT only draws a bottom line for investment protection. However, such bottom line is increasingly moving forward. In this regard, the international community should rethinking the limits of model BITs. It is suggested that, between asymmetrical contracting parties who are in different development stages, the respective BIT should include special and differential treatment and limit the scope of the most-favored-nation treatment so as to lock the spillover effect of bilateral treaties. Only in such differential BIT practice can the value of substantive justice be achieved.