法律與社會政策作為「社會福利國」模型之建構性觀點

The Aspects of Law and Social Policy as the Constitution of the Model 'Welfare State'

本文試圖從社會政策與法律這兩個觀點，勾勒出「社會福利國」模型之輪廓。從社會政策之角度，本文指出，社會福利國以國家與社會之區分為其概念上之前提；其運作邏輯乃是「補救原則」，亦即為糾正資本主義所生問題而從事管制；在政治系統實現「納入原則」（即民主化）後，社會福利國有不斷擴張之趨勢；最後，社會政策之管制與其他管制措施之區別，主要在於所得之重分配。從法律之角度，本文首先說明法律管制之特色，以及社會立法之表現形式，繼而說明社會福利國之法律手段所面臨之問題，以及可能的對策。總結來說，社會福利國乃是管制國家，不僅因任務之增加而等致管制之需求，甚至管制也會衍生管制。管制因此必須細緻、有智慧、深謀遠慮，而這構成對政治系統之嚴苛挑戰。在一個政治邏輯掩蓋一切之社會，乃是無法對付此一挑戰的。

The article attempts to sketch the outline of the model of 'the welfare state' from the aspects of social policy and law. For social policy, this text points out, the 'differentiation of state and society' is the conceptual prerequisite of the welfare state. Its operational logic is 'the principle of compensation', the welfare state corrects also problems in capitalist society and engages in controlling. With the realization of 'the principle of inclusion' in political system (namely democratization), the trend of social welfare are expanding constantly. Finally, the income redistribution is the distinction between the control of social policy and the other ways of control. From the angle of the law, this text states firstly the characteristic of legal controls and the form of the welfare law, then the problem of legal controls in welfare state and possible countermeasure. In summary it may be said, that the welfare state is a kind of state controlling the society. The demands for legal controls come from not only increase of the task, but also the controls themselves. To fulfill legal controls, it takes a wise, dedicated, and thorough plan, and it challenges severely to the political system When a society is dominated by the political logic is unlikely to succeed in this great challenge.