國企改革的政府定位及制度重構

The Study on the Government Pasitioning and System Reconstruction in the Reform of State-owned Enterprises

在當前的國企改革中，政府「出資人」身份和「監管者」身份的雙重性以及國有企業「經濟人」身份和「准政治人」身份的復合性，使得政府與國有企業之間的關系難以厘定。這直接造成了國有企業在經營中的方向迷失，也造成了政府在面對國有企業時「放權」與「收權」間的舉棋不定。對此，應當依據國有企業所肩負的不同功能，將其分為公益性國有企業與營利性國有企業，並進而改變我國當前國有企業所肩負的不同功能，將其分為公益性國有企業與營利性國有企業，並進而改變我國當前國有企業的立法模式，從資本結構分類走向功能分類，明確政府在不同類型國有企業中的定位與職能，並有針對性地設計出不同的「政企」關係。這應成為今後我國國有企業法律制度改革與完善的應然方向。In the current reform of state-owned enterprises,the dual identity of government, being investor as well as regulator, and the complex character of state-owned enterprises, being econonic entity as well as quasi-political entity, make it complicated to define the relationship between government and state-owned enter -prises .Hence , it not only leads to the disorientation of tstate-owned enterprises in their operation but also places the government in a dilemma of decentralization and centralization. In order to solve the problem, state-owned enterprises should be categorized into public -welfare-oriented and profit-making -oriented ones according to their different functions. The legislative pattern of state-owned enterprises should also be transformed b emphasizing their functions rather than the capital structure. With the clear positioning of governmental function in different state-owned enterprises, we should design the coetespondent relationship between government and state-owned enterprises which shall also be the proper direction to perfect the legal system of state-owned enterprises in the future.