中國大陸國有企業扮演角色之研究

A Study on the Role of Mainland China’s State-Owned Enterprises

中國大陸實行改革開放以來，國有企業不僅是國民經濟的支柱、財政收入主要來源，更具有多重的意義：在政治上，是政治承諾指標；在社會上，是城鎮安排就業人口的主要場所。因此，國有企業的改革與扮演角色，相當值得重視。本文藉由中國大陸國有企業改革歷程，探討國有企業經濟地位的轉變及其後續影響，並評析未來改革策略。經本文研究發現，中國大陸國有企業在歷經多次改革後，固然取得許多成就，對經濟發展也有一定的貢獻，但當剔除壟斷、行政特權和制度性等因素，其發展前景確實堪憂。另，對本質上仍屬社會主義的中國大陸而言，國有企業欲退出市場或轉換民間經營，短期間恐難以徹底解決。

Since mainland China initiated its reform and opening up policy, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have not only been pillars of the national economy and main sources of public revenues, but have also had important significance in various other ways. Politically, they have served as indicators of political commitment; and socially, they have played a main role in the arrangement of employment for urban populations. Therefore, the reform and role of the mainland’s SOEs warrants the attachment of importance. This study examines the course of reform of SOEs in the mainland, investigates change in their economic role and its subsequent impact, and assesses future reform strategies. The study finds that, after having gone through multiple transformations, the mainland’s SOEs have still gained many accomplishments and made substantial contributions to economic development. However, the elimination of monopolies and special privileges, along with other systemic factors, gives rise to real concerns about their development prospects. Moreover, in the still essentially socialist society of the mainland, it will not be easy within the near term to completely solve the difficulties of SOE market exit or transformation to private operation.