工作動機研究之回顧與前瞻

Studies on Work Motivation in Taiwan: A Critical Review

工作動機在組織行為研究中，一直佔有相當重要的地位。西方對此議題的討論，不但有相當久遠的歷史，也發展出相當豐富的理論，例如Maslow的需求層級理論、McClelland的成就需求論、Adams的公平論、Vroom的期望論、Locke的目標設定論、以及行為學派的操作制約論等。然而，台灣有關工作動機的研究，卻多以驗證西方理論為主要目的，因而在工作動機理論的發展上，無法有知識的累積。雖然有研究者曾試圖用本土概念來進一步深耕工作動機的研究，數量卻如鳳毛麟角，尚未盡全功。本文的目的，在重點式地回顧西方工作動機的理論，並對台灣的工作動機研究，進行一概括與評論性的檢討，以藉此進一步討論華人的本土工作動機研究可能的思考架構與研究方向。

Work motivation has long been an important issue in the field of organizational behavior. Western researchers have developed numerous motivation theories, such as Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, McClelland’s need for achievement, Adams’ equity theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory, Locke’s goal setting theory, as well as the reinforcement theory. However, up to now, most Taiwanese researchers merely follow the steps of their Western counterparts, and the work on indigenous motivation theory is still rarely seen. The purpose of this article is to discuss the development of work motivation research and review the existing studies of motivation in Taiwan, so as to propose an indigenous framework of work motivation and indicate some directions for future research.