諮商督導者與實習諮商員督導經驗之分析

Experiences of Counseling Trainees and Supervisors in the Supervisory Process

本研究採用深度訪談法，以六位實習諮商員及其六位督導者共十二人為研究對象，探討雙方在督導關係、督導功能、督導任務、督導者、諮商員、機構等督導的經驗與看法。研究結果發現：（1）實習諮商員重視一種了解、尊重與成長性的督導關係；督導者則強調以督導契約為基礎的督導關係，具備溫暖、支持與結構性等要素。（2）實習諮商員認為督導者須具有反省能力並有豐富的專業知能；督導者的自我要求則傾向於持續開放學習態度與不斷耕耘內在的自我。（3）督導者認為實習諮商員必須具備基本的專業素養，能夠忍受高壓力情境與專業挑戰；實習諮商員對自我的期許則為不斷在諮商歷程中獲取新知以解決諮商困境。（4）實習諮商員與督導者皆重視支持、分享與諮詢等督導功能。惟前者希望於督導歷程中能提供較多的建議與示範；後者則強調評量、檢核的重要性。（5）實習諮商員重視諮商技巧與形成個案概念化的督導內容；督導者大多強調配合不同的督導歷程發展階段和受督導者的個人需求，而有不同的督導任務。（6）實習諮商員與督導者皆認為機構應營造安全舒適的工作環境，同時在機構運作上多授權少干涉、多專業少行政、多服務少利益等考量，並遵守專業倫理。

Six trainees and 6 supervisors were interviewed to explore their supervisory experiences. We found that: (1) The supervisors expected a relation based on a supervisory contract with warmth, support and structure, whereas trainees emphasized on a relation of understanding, respect and growth. (2) The trainees expected the supervisors to have the ability of self-examination and to be knowledgeable in the field of counseling. The supervisors themselves tended to maintain an attitude of being open to new ideas and continuously working toward bettering their inner self. (3) The supervisors believed that trainees must be equipped with basic professional knowledge, be able to endure high pressure and challenges from work. The trainees hoped to obtain new knowledge through the supervisiory process in order to work out difficulties. (4) Both the trainees and the supervisors emphasized supervisory functions such as support, sharing and consultation. (5) The trainees paid more attention to counseling techniques and case conceptualization. But the supervisors emphasized more on developing different supervisory tasks according to different developmental stages and individual needs of the supervisees. (6) Both the supervisors and the trainees believed that the institutions should create a safe and comfortable working environment.