影響工作價值觀傳遞之因素：男性中小企業主及一般職業工作者子女之比較

The Linkage of Work Values between Generations: A Comparison Study on Work Values of Small Firm Owners’ and Ordinary Workpeople’s Children

本研究的目的在驗證職業類型、子女的角色認知與親子關係等因素是否會影響世代間工作價值的傳遞。首先，在職業類型因素方面，由於中小企業的創設對台灣地區的工作型態與工作價值有相當大的影響，本研究希望瞭解中小企業主與一般職業工作者的下一代在工作價值上是否有差異？在研究的第二部分，研究者分別以中小企業主及一般職業工作者為對象，分析影響世代間的工作目的價值傳遞的因素，由於傳統父子軸型的社會有重視角色義務與父子情感疏離的特性，本研究將驗證這些特性是否會使性別、性別角色期望及父子關係與子女對父親的敬愛認同等因素影響到世代間價值觀的傳遞？研究者以479位在學大學生為對象進行調查。研究結果顯示：中小企業主與一般職業工作者的子女在工作價值上有差異存在。子女對父親工作價值的評價與子女對自我工作價值的評價的迴歸分析結果則顯示：中小企業主與一般職業工作者的子女價值觀皆受到父親價值觀的影響；一般職業工作者親子關係良窳會調節各項工作目的價值的傳遞，對父親敬愛認同程度會增強父親的內在酬賞及顧家與平安和諧等價值的傳遞。性別會調節中小企業主的顧家與平安和諧價值及一般職業工作者的集體利益價值的世代間傳遞。性別角色信念則對中小企業主的外在酬賞及顧家與平安和諧兩項價值的傳遞有調節作用。

The purpose of this study is to examine effects of father’s occupational type, father/children relationships and children’s gender as well as sex-role related beliefs on the socialization of children’s work values. It is hypothesized that the personality traits and work experiences of small firm owners would make their work values different from work values of ordinary workers. Father’s work values may then influence children’s value orientation through identification and family socialization process. The author also hypothesized that factors such as father and children relationships, respect and identification with father, children’s gender and sex-role beliefs might moderate the socialization of work values between fathers and their children. Four hundreds and seventy nine students from small firm owners or ordinary workers families were recruited based on their registration information of a private university. The survey results suggested that children’s work values were different from that of their fathers. However, fathers’ work values influenced their children’s work values directly. Small firm owners’ children were more emphasized on extrinsic reward than did ordinary workers’ children. For ordinary workers’ children, the quality of father and children’s relation moderated the linkage between all four factors of fathers and children’s work terminal values except intrinsic values. Identification with father also moderated the effect of father’s intrinsic and family raising as well as peace/harmony work values. Children’s gender only moderated the relationship between collective values of father and son. For small firm owners’ children, gender moderated the transition of fathers’ extrinsic and family raising as well as peace/harmony values. Small firms owners’ children who had equality of sex-role beliefs were more resisted to their fathers’ extrinsic and family raising as well as peace/harmony values.