西藏醫學．雪域之明珠

An Introduction to Tibetan Medicine

做為中國傳統醫藥學的一個組成部分的藏醫藥學，對中國人民、尤其是居住在台灣的人民來說，仍然是一個十分陌生的課題。在回歸自然的大潮中，國際醫藥界已有不少人紛紛轉向世界各種傳統醫學，西藏醫藥就是其中的一種。本文概略地介紹了西藏醫學的內容。首先介紹藏醫藥的歷史，認為以有文字為依據的記載而言，藏醫學已經有二千年以上的歷史，經歷了萌芽、奠基、發展、爭鳴、繁榮和繼續發展等不同歷史階段。隨後敘述了藏醫學豐富的理論基礎，包括隆、赤巴、培根的三因學說，解剖生理學、胚胎學、病因學方面的內容。診斷學則重點介紹了藏醫的色診、脈診及尿診，均為正確判斷疾病之所必需。藏醫的治療方法亦頗多樣，包括食物療法、外治法如放血療法、火灸療法、催吐、藥浴、灌腸等。藏藥學關於穴位、八性、十七效及藏藥經典《晶珠本草》，均表明藏醫學的特點。最後，介紹了藏醫中最具特色的“曼湯”及其在世界上的影響及研究出版情況。

As an integral part of Chinese medicine, Tibetan Medicine is still a topic quite unfamiliar to Chinese people, especially to people in Taiwan. In the stream of returning to the nature, many people in the international medical field turn to traditional medicine of various systems, Tibetan Medicine being one of them. This paper gives a brief sketch to Tibetan medicine. First, it introduces the history of Tibetan medicine, claiming that, based on written documentation, it has a long history of over 2,000 years, undergoing various periods of evolution, namely, germination, formative period, development, contention, flourishing, and further development. Then, it deals with the basic theory, including the 3-factor theory of rLung, nKhris-pa, Badkan, anatomy, physiology, embryology and etiology. As to diagnosis, this paper deals with color inspection, pulse taking, urinalysis, all essential to a correct diagnosis in Tibetan Medicine. As to therapeutic methods, these are multifarious in Tibetan Medicine, including diet therapy, external therapy such as bloodletting, moxibustion, emesis, medicinal bath, enema, etc. Tibetan pharmacy is also special, characterized by the theories of six tastes, eight natures, and seventeen actions of Tibetan remedies, embodied in its pharmaceutical classics, The Pearl Herbology (shel-gong shelphreng). Last of all, the paper introduces the most unique of all in Tibetan Medicine, i.e. the 'sMan-thang' or Tibetan medical painting series with its worldwide influence, studies and publications.