東西方醫學交流與中西醫結合

East-West Medical Exchange and Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine

醫學交流是醫藥衛生領域流通與相應影響、促進發展的一個重要方面。本文簡要回顧了中外醫學交流史，特別提示十九世紀中葉以後，現代醫學在帝國主義列強侵略的背景下，大量湧進中華大地。現代醫學大量傳入並在中國發展，逐漸形成中西醫的論爭關係，中醫為求生存、求發展，在現代醫學衝擊下產生了中西醫匯通的思想，試圖引進現代醫學之理論，以充實、發展中醫藥學，主張中西醫匯通的中醫學家，雖然立論、思想各有差異，但試圖通過匯通中西醫以完善中醫學的願望是共同的，這一學派逐漸成為當時中醫界的主流趨勢，但成就不大。本世紀五十年代，中國在重視發展中醫藥學的同時，認為掌握現代科學的西醫學習研究中醫是發展中醫學之關鍵，從而興起中西醫結合，並取得顯著成績。中西醫結合科研工作，由點到面逐步豐富了經驗、方法與途徑。本文分階段與方法途徑對其發展做了初步概括，並提出今後可能出現的傾向。

Exchange between different bodies of medical knowedge has been the source of mutual stimulation that has provided a major driving force of the development of medicine and hygiene. This paper looks at the history of exchanges between China and other countries, laying emphasis on the massive importantion of foreign medicine into China against the background of imperial invasion. The introduction of Western medicine into China brought Chinese medicine into conflict with it. Chinese medicine tried to secure its survival and development against the onslaught of modern medicine by allowing a confluence of the two traditions, whereby Chinese medicine could adopt Western medical theories to supplement its own and stimulate its development. Although different proponents had different theories and ideas about what form the confluence would take, they all agreed in the hope Chinese medicine could be improved by some sort of confluence. As a result, this gradually became the mainstream approach in Chinese medicine, but it attained little success. In the 1950s, emphasis was placed on developing Chinese medicine and on the notion that a firm mastery of modern scientific research was the key developing Chinese medicine. With this, a move toward the integration between Chinese and Western medicine came into being. The scientific research that followed as part of this move gradually led to the accumulation of experience, methods, and approaches. This paper summarizes the stage-by-stage development or integrated medicine and the methods and approaches that it has applied.