金線連經濟栽培技術之開發研究

Study on Economic Cultural Practices in Anoectochilus Culture

全線連為本省貴重之民間藥材，被用治肺疾、遣精、高血壓、蛇傷等。由於其自然繁殖率低，且野生品濫採的結果，使野生全線速數量銳減。為了保護資源及適應國內外市場的需求，因而組織培養繁殖法及模擬原生地栽培技術之開發乃目前重要課題。組織培養繁殖法雖已開發成功，然仍無法栽植於平地，為了開發金線連之經濟栽培法，克服平地栽培技術之困難，首先調查了全線連之自然生育習性和植株性狀，且以組織培養瓶苗，利用不同介質模擬原生地之土質，比較瓶苗在原生地和平地之移植成活率、生育情形及產量。由生態之調查，顯示臺東地區之全線連分布於海拔500~2000公尺之山區潤葉林下較陰濕含腐質較高之土壤。平地與原生地之瓶苗栽植試驗觀察比較結果，顯示海拔500公尺以上可行週年栽培，且不同介質對移植後之成活率與生育情形並無顯著的差異，其成活率皆達95%以上，而平地的栽植以每年十月至五月為佳，由不同介質之栽培試驗結果，顯示單獨以水草和蛇木屑為最佳，移植成活率亦高達95%以上。若將瓶苗直接移植原生地，其成活率亦高達95%，因此將瓶苗假植於水草一個月後，再定植於原生地及依介質特定植於平地均為良好且經濟之栽培法。

Anoectochilus, one of the most precious traditional herbs in Taiwan, has been widely used to cure such illness as lung disease, pleurodynia, abdominal pain, fever, hypertension, snake bits, etc.; however, the number of wild Anoectochilus has reduced rapidly these years due chiefly to its low rate of natural propagation and excessive, random plucking by users. In order to preserve this natural resource and meet the demand of local market, the development of feasible methods has become urgently necessary. The tissue culture propagation method, though having been successfully invented, ends in failuse, still making it impossible for the herb to be planted on the plain. To overcome such difficulty and thereby develop an economical way of cultivation, a team of researchers conduct consecutive experiment on how it grows and what vegetation characteristics it possesses. Bottle seedling, the first step of artificial transplantation, is a breakthrough. Researchers first sow seeds in culturial media similar to the soil in which Anoectochilus initially grows, and then transplant sprout in the original wilderness. Compared with those growing in the wilderness, the survivability, growth, and production rates of the transplanted herbs show no difference. The most suitable natural environment, according to ecological observation made in the mountains of Taitung, is humus of the misty and humid areas in the broad-leaf forest, where the altitude is from 500 to 2000 meters. Another significant discovery is that various culturial media. The best of which are moss and tree-fern, do not it the least affect the high rate-95 persent-of survivability and growth when the herb is transplanted from October to May of the following year. Researchers, thus conclude and recommend that the technique of cultivating bottle seedling in moss for one month and then transplanting them in the wilderness is by far the most economical method.