製造服務化發展模式之研究

A Study on Modes of the Servitization of Manufacturing

隨著製造與服務界線模糊趨勢，製造服務化崛起，涉及公司層級策略的調整、組織內部和組織間制度關係的調整、相關能力的建立、新的定價和利潤模式。本研究探討製造服務化的定義和本質，並提出三大發展模式（產品延伸服務、產品功能性服務、整合性解決方案）。在三大模式下，本研究引入分析構面，透過案例比較分析，以探討國內外廠商在製造服務化的內涵差異：1.供應鏈層面：「供應鏈關係的再結構」相對於「新供應鏈關係的價值創造」；2.提供內容層面：「產品／服務之功能性提供」相對於「產品／服務之創新性提供」；3.複雜性層面：「技術／系統複雜性低」相對於「技術／系統複雜性高」，提出對台灣製造業往服務化發展的可能路徑與對我國政策意涵。

With the trend towards blurred boundaries between manufacturing and services, the servitization of manufacturing (also known as industrial services, servicizing) has surged as an important thrust of transformation for a growing number of manufactures. The servitization of manufacturing may involve issues, such as strategic realignment at the corporate level, the rearrangement of intra-firm and inter-firm organizations and institutional relationships, capability-building, and new pricing and revenue models. This paper refers to the existing literature to propose three modes of the servitization of manufacturing; namely Mode 1: Product Extension Service, Mode 2: Product Function Service, and Mode 3: Integrated Solution. The paper goes further to make comparisons between a few domestic and foreign cases by referring to three dimensions, including: 1. Supply chain: the reconfiguration of the supply chain vs. the value creation of new supply chain; 2. Offering: functional offering of product/service vs. innovative offering of product/service; 3. Complexity: low technology/system complexity vs. high technology/system complexity. Based on the above dimensions, via case comparison, the study attempts to spotlight the differences in the essence and business models of servitization between a few domestic and foreign firms. Finally, the paper proposes the possible paths of servicizing and draws policy implication.