品牌代工與最適關稅

Outsourcing and Optimal Tariff Policy

本文建立一開放模型探討進口關稅政策對進口國品牌與代工廠的生產模式決策之關係。本文假設本國的品牌廠將中間財委外由外國代工廠生產，外國存在品牌廠與代工廠，兩廠商可以選擇品牌代工合一或是品牌代工分家的生產模式。本文發現，當外國品牌與代工廠整合時，本國政府課徵的最適關稅會高於兩廠商為垂直分工下的最適關稅，此時，本國品牌廠所面對的中間財價格也較低。其次，關稅政策對外國品牌廠與代工廠的生產模式有關鍵性影響：若進口關稅夠低，則外國品牌廠與代工廠會偏好垂直整合；若進口關稅很高，則外國品牌廠與代工廠反而會選擇垂直分工的生產模式。當生產模式內生時，本國政府會策略性降低關稅誘使外國的品牌與代工廠商進行整合。

This paper analyzes the impact of tariff policy on the foreign firm’s decision of production mode: OEM or ODM. We find that the optimal tariff is higher and the outsourcing price faced by the domestic firm is lower when the foreign firm is vertically integrated than that when it is vertically separated. In addition, we demonstrate that the production mode depends crucially on the tariff policy. If the tariff is low, then the foreign firms prefer the vertical integration. However, if the tariff is high enough, then the foreign firms prefer the vertical separation. Furthermore, if the production mode is endogenous, then the domestic government will strategic reduce the level of tariff to induce the foreign firms to choose vertical integration.