家長對特殊需求幼兒自我決策之看法：從作息本位談起

Parents’ Routines-Based Perspectives of Self-Determination For Young Children With Special Needs

自我決策是幫助身心障礙學生提升未來生活品質的一項重要能力。文獻上提倡及早實行自我決策培訓的重要性，也強調成功的親師合作將促進特殊需求幼兒自我決策的發展。由於幼兒與家人相處的時間較長，若能將介入活動融入於家庭的日常生活作息中，對特殊需求幼兒能力發展將更有幫助。因此，本前導性研究探討以生活作息本位為出發點，家長對於特殊需求幼兒自我決策能力發展的看法。本研究著重於幼兒自我決策發展的三大項度，包含做選擇(決定)、自我情緒管理、以及活動參與度，同時並探究親師之間的合作關係如何影響幼兒自我決策發展。研究對象為四位臺東特殊需求幼兒家長，採取半結構化的訪談方式。研究結果發現，家長並沒有因為幼兒的特殊需求而對三大向度發展有所限制。受訪者也表示建立生活常規以及提供多元機會可促進孩子能力的發展。此外，研究結果表示親師之間的互動有限，家長對孩子在學校的狀況較不清楚。由於是前導性的研究，研究結果必須要將家庭特質納入考量。本文也將針對研究結果提出研究及實務上的建議。

Self-determination has become one of important skills to help students with disabilities achieve better quality of life. Research has suggested importance of self-determination starting at early age， and also emphasized successful parents-professionals partnership will promote the development of self-determination of young children with special needs. Because young children spend most of time being with family， it is meaningful for such children if intervention activities would embed into daily routines. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate family’s routines-based perspectives toward self-determination. Specifically， this study focused on three domains: choice-making， self-regulation， and engagement. Meanwhile， this research explored how family-professional partnership can promote the development of self-determination. The participants were four parents who had children with special needs in Taitung， Taiwan， and the semi-structured interviews were used. The results found that development of self-determination were not limited by their disabilities. The participants agreed that it could facilitate the development of self-determination if the routines were established and multiple opportunities were provided. The finding also revealed that interaction between parents and professionals were limited， and parents were unclear about children’s performance at school. Because it is an exploratory study， the participants’ characteristics need to be taken into consideration. Future research as well as implications will be provided.