發展中的流感疫苗

Influenza Vaccines Under Development

自2003 年至今，一株致病性極高的H5N1禽流感病毒，持續在多國傳播，造成大規模的禽流感疫情爆發，同時亦透過人畜共通傳播造成上百人的感染，及高達59％的致死率。為因應可能發生的全球大流感爆發，西方多國政府已明訂政策獎勵新型流感疫苗的研發，用以彌補以雞胚胎蛋流感疫苗製程產能的不足。多年來科學界致力於多種新技術的開發，含以細胞培養病毒的製程，次單位蛋白質疫苗、DNA疫苗、佐劑、及疫苗傳遞技術等，都有不同程度的技術突破。本論文的目的在檢閱分析近年來，雞胚胎蛋以外的流感疫苗新科技的研發進展，但廣效疫苗則不在討論範圍內。

The transmission of pandemic H5N1 avian influenza virus since 2004 has rendered an urgency to research and develop newer influenza vaccines in order to overcome the inadequate global production capacity of influenza vaccine. As a result, many countries have set clear policy to create incentives for research and development of new influenza vaccines to fill in the unmet demand by the chick embryo technology, which ruled the industry for more than half of the century. This review covers the wide spectrum of advances in the newer influenza vaccine technologies under various stages of development, excluding the broad antigenic epitope vaccines (aka “universal”vaccines). The current state of art on cell-based inactivated virus vaccines, subunit protein-based vaccines, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines using viral vector for delivery, adjuvant, and a variety of delivery devises that might achieve antigen-sparing will be discussed.