大學部新生體檢資料分析及其應用

Analysis and Application of Freshmen Health Checkup Data

為瞭解大學部學生之健康狀態並藉此研擬大學健康照顧策略，本研究針對某國立大學八十九學年度大學部新生體檢資料共3756人納入分析，其平均年齡為18.9 ±1.3歲。研究結果發現：在身體檢查方面，平均身體質量指數(BMI)為21.4 ±3.2 kg/m2（男生22.2 ±3.3 kg/m2，女生20.5 ±2.7 kg/m2，p<0.001）。體位判斷若依世界衛生組織亞太共識標準分析，肥胖者(BMI≧25 kg/m2)佔11.4%，體重過重者(BMI23~25 kg/m2)佔12.7%。其中男生肥胖比率為16.4%，女生肥胖比率為6.2%，具統計顯著差異(p < 0.001)。血壓偏高者佔10.4%。脈搏為頻脈者佔10.9%，脈搏為緩脈者佔1.0%。有心臟聽診異常者佔2.6%。視力屈光異常者佔94.2%。牙科異常者佔65.6%。在實驗室檢查項目方面，B型肝炎部分：未曾被B型肝炎病毒感染者佔20.2%，B型肝炎表面抗原陽性者佔6.8%，已有B型肝炎表面抗體者佔74.0%。肝功能異常者佔7.5%，高尿酸血症者佔36.0%，高總膽固醇血症佔2.4%，貧血佔2.9%，糖尿者佔5.0%，蛋白尿佔14.0%。胸部X光異常者佔1.8%。男性比女性更容易有血壓偏高、B型肝炎表面抗原陽性、肝功能指數異常、高尿酸血症的機會，而在貧血、蛋白尿異常比率方面則是女性多於男性，兩性間均具統計顯著差異(p < 0.001)。往後在這些變項的探討時，應將 性別因素列為干擾因子加以調整。以多變項羅吉斯迴歸分析可發現，男性、肥胖、以及B型肝炎表面抗原陽性者都是影響肝功能指數異常的因素，尤以B型肝炎表面抗原陽性者影響最大。本研究除可提供教育主管機關了解大學部學生健康情形，也可幫忙衛生主管機關建立有關青年期成人的基本健康資料，另可將此研究結果應用於學校健康營造活動與衛生保健相關通識教育。

On September 2000, a health checkup survey on freshmen in National Taiwan University was conducted to know their health status and establish their basic health information. 3,756 freshmen were recruited into this study, with mean age 18.9±1.3 years old. The results of this study showed that the mean BMI of all subjects was 21.4 ±3.2 kg/m2 (22.2 ±3.3 on males and 20.5 ±2.7 on females, p < 0.001). In classifying the body status based on WHO Asia-Pacific perspective, 11.4% subjects were obese (BMI≧25 kg/m2) and 12.7% were overweight (BMI 23~25 kg/m2). Obese was noted 16.4% among men and 6.2% among women (p < 0.001). The physical examination showed that 10.4% of the freshmen had elevated blood pressure, 10.9% had tachycardia, 1.0% had bradycardia, 2.6% had abnormal cardiac auscultation, 94.2% had abnormal visual acuity, and 65.5% had dental problems. The profile on hepatitis B showed that the positive rates for HBsAg and anti-HBs were 6.8% and 74.0% each. Elevated SGPT was noted in 7.5% of the subjects. Among all the subjects, 36.0% were noted to have hyperuricemia, 2.4% had hypercholesterolemia, 2.9% were anemic, 5.0% had glucosuria, 14.0% had proteinuria, and 1.8% with CXR abnormality. The male subjects showed higher risks to elevated blood pressure, positive HBsAg, abnormal liver function, and hyperuricemia than the female subjects. On the other hand, the female subjects revealed a higher risk to anemia and proteinuria. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, male, obesity, and HBsAg carriers all contributed to abnormal liver function. This study provides important health information of young adults to the health and education institutes in Taiwan. It can also be applied to the health education and health promotion activities in schools.