燒傷病患主要照顧者生活品質及其相關因素之探討

Influencing Factors of the Quality of Life for Caregivers of Burn Patients

燒傷，除了對個人生命造成嚴重威脅，易導致病患身體及心理壓力，沉重的燒傷照護，也嚴重影響主要照顧者的生活品質。國外有關此方面的研究相當少見，國內尚缺乏文獻探討。本研究旨在探討復健期燒傷病患主要照顧者生活品質的現況及其相關因素。採調查研究法，以結構性問卷於北部兩所醫學中心燒傷病房收集資料，有效問卷共130份。研究工具包括病患活動功能自主程度量表、社會支持量表、壓力感受量表及生活品質量表。研究結果發現燒傷主要照顧者的生活品質平均得分居中等程度，在生活品質所涵蓋的五個層面中得分依序為「親密因素」、「健康因素」、「家庭因素」、「社會／心理因素」及「環境因素」。燒傷照護者生活品質指標與其壓力感受、社會支持足夠程度及病患年齡呈顯著正相關。逐步回歸分析發現，對照顧者整體生活品質最具預測力的變項包括照顧者壓力感受、社會支持足夠程度、個人目前健康狀況、病患年齡、家庭收入、照顧時數及職業狀況，可解釋全部變異量的37.4%。本研究結果，有助於了解燒傷病患主要照顧者在居家照護期間的整體生活品質，作為臨床護理人員提供出院衛教及醫療照護之參考。

The quality of life of those caring for burn patients is often overlooked. While reports indicate a correlation between caring for burn patients and decreased quality of life, there has been no data on this correlation in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of life and related factors amount primary caregivers of burn patients who are in rehabilitation stage. This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 130 primary caregivers of discharged burn patients from two medical centers in Taipei. Scales of patients’activity levels, stress, social support and quality of life were collected used as data. On average caregivers of burn patients were found to have a “medium-degree” quality of life. Among the five factors used to measure quality of life,“intimacy”ranked the highest score, followed by“health”,“family”,“social psychological”.“Environment”ranked the lowest. Total stress, level of satisfaction with social support and patients’age were positively correlated to quality of life of burn caregivers. The results indicate that total stress, level of satisfaction with social support, health status of the individual, patients’age, family income, amount of time used to take care of the patient and conditions of employment were significant predictors of caregivers’ quality of life. These seven predictors explained 37.4% of the total variance in quality of life. The results of this study may help health personnel understand the quality of life of caregivers providing home care for burn patients .The results may also serve as a reference for organizing discharge planning and to provide better care for caregivers of burn patient.