祖父母協助托育孫子女的決定過程－－運用家族治療中結構學派的分析

The Decision Process of Grandparents' Nurturing the Grandchildren - Using the Perspective of Structural Family Therapy

本研究旨在瞭解祖父母協助托育孫兒的決定過程中，二代之問的權力運作、憑藉消長的情形，以及二代間界限、聯盟的運作情形。本研究的研究參與者共有六位，其中兩對是婆媳，另外一對是母女。在研究方法上，透過深度訪談的方式搜集「托育決定過程」的相關資料，再依結構學派的觀點分別分析三對研究參與者彼此權力、界限、聯盟的關係。研究結果發現如下:l.在托育決定上，第一代在托育決定上往往有其優勢，婆婆似乎是最有權力的人，但第二代也並非完全被動的接受。2托育的決定不完全被視為新家庭單獨的責任，甚至社會文化賦予婆婆帶孫的羲務觀點被延續，有能力托育的婆婆有時反成為環境下的被決定者，不能不帶。3.相對於男性在托育決定的不主動，女性似乎仍被期待為托育較主要的負責人，.然而第二代的女性在使夫婦雙方共同參與托育決定上，往往較第一代的女性更為積極，4.女兒（媳婦）對文化規範下的父系優先的順序似乎更為謹慎，此影響往往更勝個人期待由自己媽媽托育的意念。因此，若能再次和自己媽媽建立合作的關係，彼此往往就有著鬆散的界限，與婆媳間清楚乃至僵硬的界限便很不相同。5.二代的互動上似乎會透過關係較親近的家庭成員，以便能順利的和關係較遠離的成員做聯繫，而互動的方式似乎也強化了彼此原有的關係。6第二代的夫婦聯盟往往仍是家庭中穩固的次系統，原有的親子聯盟－－特別是母親和兒子－－仍然維持，但並不絕對影響新家庭的運作。這兩個聯盟的成員似乎較容易擔心自身的聯盟關係會受到其他聯盟的威脅，而產生不安感，特別在媳婦身上更是如此。本研究針對研究結果加以討論，並提供末來相關研究、諮簡輔導領域的參考之用。

The purpose of this study was to understand the power、boundary and alliance between grandparents and parents when they want to decide who's going to nurture the new born baby. The participants were two pairs of mother in-law and daughter in-law, and one pair of mother and daughter. In-depth interview was adopted to collect data, and data was analyzed from the opinion of structural family therapy. The main findings were as follows: (1) The first generation have more vantage, and mother in-law is the most powerful person to make the decision, however the second generation was not totally passive. (2) Parents weren't both responsible for nurturing the baby, and such a situation strengthen grandmother's duty to take care of grandchildren. Even the social culture give the mother in-law some duty, therefore a capable grandmother would take care of grandchildren, and she wouldn't say NO. (3)Men who were more passive than women who were expected to have more responsibility for taking care of children. The woman of second generation was more active than the first generation to let spouse make the decision together. (4) Daughter in-law pay more attention to the paternal priority belonging to the culture. The effect of culture is more powerful then personal expectancy. Daughter in-law would think about mother in-law's opinion first. Thus, if mother and daughter could cooperate again, the boundary between them would be more diffuse than that between mother in-law and daughter in-law. (5) The interaction between two generations would be connected and maintained by the closed family member, therefore, the way of interaction would be continued in the: original way. (6) In the second generation, the spouse alliance was a stable subsystem. The original parental alliance, especially mother and son, would be kept but it's not necessary to influence the working of the second generation. If parental alliance or spouse alliance were not stable in their relationship, each member, especially daughter in-law, would worry that her own alliance would be threatened by the other alliance. Base on the results, discussion and suggestion were presented.