校園暴力行為之預防及處理策略模式研究

A Comprehensive Intervention for the Acting-Out Adolescence

本研究之主要目的，企圖從台北市兩所國民中學的校園診斷結果，來詮釋我國現階段中等學校教育環境的校園暴行的現象，進而對我國的中等教育的輔導措施提出一些具體建議。本研究採用行動取向的實地研究法。蒐集資料的步驟，除了用問卷與訪談的技術外，同時和學校行政單位與學校教師做團體或個別式的交談，以確認或補足問卷與訪談過程中所得到的資料。本研究的研究對象為分別分佈於傳統老舊社區及商業社區的兩所學校，除了以學生為調查對象之外，也對該兩所學校的物理環境與師生互動現象進行評估。因此本研究的資料蒐集分為三大部分，第一部份為以「校園生活經驗問卷」調查學生是否看過、遭受、做過校園暴力行為；並以「校園衝突事件回溯記錄表」對教師進行調查。對象為一、二、三年級的學生與各班導師，以及學校行政人員。甲校學生320人，乙校學生176人，男女各半，採隨機取樣；甲校導師80位，乙校導師44位，包括行政人員發出143份調查問卷，共收回136份（甲校85份，乙校51份）。第二部份為座談與深入訪談資料，座談對象為兩校教師與行政人員，甲校人數計2l位（教師9位，行政人員12位），乙校人數計16位（教師8位，行政人員8位），共計37位。另以「校園暴行訪談記錄表」訪談12位學生，甲校六名，乙校六名，男女各半，均為自願接受訪談者。甲校因訪談時間安排有誤，有一名女學生的資料未列入分析。第三部份為自然觀察法，由曾有觀察校園經驗的台灣師大心輔系大學部三年級學生數名，以「校園生態觀察記錄表」，在一星期內以一天五個時段（早自習、上課、下課、午休、放學時間），校園的物理環境（分教學區、行政區、休閒區、校門口、校園角落），與師生互動現象做描述性記錄。茲將本研究在甲乙兩校所進行的調查、座談、訪談與觀察結果彙整為以下六點結論：（1）校際間的問題類型差異不大，均以輕度攻擊性行為佔大多數，重度攻擊性行為佔小部份；（2）師生之間對事件的詮釋有明顯的認知差距；（3）教師對自己處理問題的能力普遍缺乏信心；（4）學生對學習的環境有焦慮的比率相當高；（5）學生對自己的行為缺乏自我控制力，也缺乏保護自己的能力；（6）無論學校行政單位、教師、學生對現有的環境均感到強烈的無力感。因此研究小組建議能加強學校行政的協調與執行能力，提昇教師對學生的表達能力與處理問題的能力，並強調幫助學生從發洩情緒、培養學生做理性思考，到學習處理問題的技巧。

Adolescent violence is a growing problem in schools across the country. According to the author's observation,school personnel generally lackof the knowledge of the origin and the appropriate course plan,Thepurpose of this study is to understand junior high students' antisocial behavior patterns.The data were collected through the questionnaire rated bystudents,staffs,and six observers,and analyzed by SPSS.The impact of violence in the junior high school was examined.It idhypothesized that the school environment and community services ingeneral affect both the students' academic performance and the delinquentbehavior.Four hundred and ninety-six students drawn from two junior highschools in Taipei(160 male and 160 female from school Ⅰ,88 male and88 female from school Ⅱ)participated in this research,The sample ofstaff subjects(n=136)consists of homeroom teachers and administers inboth schools.Thirty-seven staffs are invited to the meeting to share theiropinion on aggression prevention in the school.Twelve volunteered studentsfrom both schools are interviewed regarding school violence,Data aboutschool environment(school schedule and campus building)were collectedthrough natural observation by six college students from National TaiwanNormal University.Data collected from students and staffs analyzed,It is found that(1)mild and moderate aggressive behavior are more prominent than severeaggressive behaviors;(2)students tend not to trust school's ablity toprotect them;(3)teachers generally lack of self confidence in dealingwith the students' conflicts;(4)both students and staffs felt helpless andanxious about the situation;and(5)there are cognitive discrepanciesbetween students and teachers in valuing the quality amd the quantity ofschool violence.This study suggests that it is more effective if interventions takeplace at the ecological level.Future research on prevention and intervention are recommended.