價值、時間、抉擇、理論：布朗帝的修復哲學與我國《文資法》中「古物」的分類問題

Value, Time, Choice and Theory: Cesare Brandi's Philosophy of Restoration and the Classification of Antiques in the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act of the R.O.C.

本文旨在藉由義大利修復哲學家布朗帝的修復理論，釐清我國《文化資產保存法》中「古物」的分類問題。在布朗帝「三審級」、「三重時間」及二大「參照體系」中各項參照值的檢視下，我國古物中部分「藝術作品」與多數「生活及儀禮器物」所體現的主要價值並不明確。「古物」登錄指定公告表中的「種類」難以反映「價值」，「基準」與「屬性」不相呼應，「特徵描述」也甚少突顯「定位」，以致「古物」一詞無法體現或概括客觀物件的有形及無形價值並進入我們的心智世界。本文主張，在《文化資產保存法》「古物」的框架下，「分類」行為就如同修復一般，足以反映吾人對於「古物」的詮釋，亦等同於我們對於文化資產的再創造。因此有必要展開「古物」本質與特質的相關論述，繼而建立彰顯《文化資產保存法》中「藝術作品」、「生活及儀禮器物」、「圖書文獻」及「其他」等四大類古物確切價值的方法論，用以決定後續相應的保存維護手段，並使古物保護透過登錄指定獲得實踐。

This study sets out to clarify the categorization of Antiques in the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act of the Republic of China (hereafter referred to as 'the Act') through the Italian philosopher in restoration. Cesare Brandi's theory of restoration. Under the examination based on Brandi's 'three instances', 'triple-layer time,' and two prominent 'reference systems,' the key value for some of the 'arts' and most of the 'utensils of life or civility' in the category of antiques is not defined clearly. In addition, the 'categories' included in the Declaration Table for Antiques Registry and Designation does not convey the 'value' of antiques, the 'standard' and the 'attribution' do not echo each other, and moreover, 'the description of the characteristics' does not bring out the 'positioning.' Consequently, the term 'antiques' fails to capture and present the tangible and intangible value of an object, and is thus unable to come into people's mind. This article suggests that under the framework of the Act, 'categorization,' just like 'restoration', reflects people's interpretation of 'antiques'. It could be said that 'categorization' is a re-creation of cultural heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage discussion and research focusing on the nature and characteristics of 'antiques,' then establish the methodology for emphasizing and promoting the defined value of the 'arts,' 'utensils of life or civility,' 'books and documents,' and ' other antiques' – the four major categories of antiques defined in the Act. Subsequently, it will help determine the approach and manner for antique preservation, and eventually provide appropriate and comprehensive protection for 'antiques' through the registration and designation.