臺灣地區專業人員母乳哺育教育現況及未來發展——三角交叉研究

The Current Status of Breastfeeding Education for Professionals in Taiwan: A Triangulation Study

本研究在了解專業人員母乳哺育的養成與在職教育現況，採焦點團體及問卷調查兩種方式。問卷發現：71.2%的醫院有舉辦母乳哺育在職教育，且醫院評鑑等級愈高其辦理情形愈佳；影響學校開課的主要因子是系所的屬性，護理系授課比率最高，營養系最低。醫院與學校實施上的主要困境，分別是缺乏經費、時間與專門師資；以及非部定必修課程與缺乏適用教科書婦女權益、社會福利政策及諮詢技巧的實務演練則是較少被關注的單元。焦點團體的四項命題為：泌乳專業性關注不足；師資與教材缺乏；醫學生理導向與女性主體經驗消失。對未來努力的共識包括：專科課程建構、推動國際泌乳顧問及母乳諮詢門診專科化服務、紮根國中小教育、以及加入身體自主概念課程。

Positive attitude and correct knowledge can promote successful and longer breastfeeding. This study aimed to understand the current status of breastfeeding education among professionals in Taiwan by using questionnaire and expert focus groups. There were 369 questionnaires sent to qualified hospitals and schools. Results showed that 71.2% of hospitals hold regular breastfeeding training courses as part of their in-service training. The higher the hospital’s evaluation level, the more likely they would exclude breastfeeding courses. The shortage of money and specifi c lecturers are two main obstacles to ongoing in-service breastfeeding programs. Eighty percent of nursing departments covered breastfeeding issues within their regular curriculum, and while only 37.5% of nutrition departments covered this issue. The type of department was the key factor in running breastfeeding curriculums in a school. The reasons for not having an independent credit course included that it was not part of the compulsory curriculum, time shortage, and lack of suitable teaching materials. Women’s rights, social policy and counseling practices were barely covered in two groups. Recommendations for future efforts made by the experts included building up professional education contracts, to developing breastfeeding lactation consultants, to establishing special breastfeeding clinics, and including breastfeeding issues in the basic education system. (Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 2007; 6:6, 92-102.)