社區老人體適能及其相關因素的探討

Factors Associated with Senior Fitness in Community-dwelling Older Adults

本研究主要目的在探討社區老人體適能情況及相關影響因素。研究設計採橫斷式相關性研究，以花蓮市衛生局整合性篩檢老年為研究對象，採用立意取樣，共收案206位，利用結構式問卷和老人體適能檢測進行資料收集，結果發現：69.8%的老人有規律運動。年齡與坐姿站立、握力、半坐姿體前彎、閉眼單腳站立、2分鐘踏步呈現顯著負相關；與坐站行走呈現顯著正相關。男性在坐姿站立、單手舉重、握力優於女性，在半坐姿體前彎卻是女性優於男性。本研究發現身體質量指數、運動行為與老人體適能無顯著相關。本文建議雖然社區中的老人常自訴有規律的習慣，但仍須依據老人體適能檢測結果來加強運動行為，方能有效改善老人體適能，以達到運動之目的。

The purpose of this study was to examine senior fi tness and related infl uence factors. This study adopted a cross-sectional correlative design, and sampled 206 subjects from health screening in the community. Using structural questionnaire collected data, and Senior Functional Fitness test was performed. The results reported that 69.8% elders performed regular exercise. Ages were associated with chair stand, hand grip, chair sit-and-reach, closed eyes one foot, eight-foot up-and-go, and 2-minute step. Man subjects showed better performance in sit-and-stand, arm curl, and hand grip than female subjects, and poorer performance in sit-and-reach than female subjects. Beside, no significant difference was found in body mass index and exercise behaviors. This study suggests exercise program is based on the Senior Fitness test provided specifi c information regarding a client's physical strength and weaknesses.