漢譯佛典《阿含經》神通故事中阿難的敘事視角試探

The Miraculous-power Story Narrative by Bhiksu Ananda in Chinese Translation of theAgama Sutra

「如是我聞」是所有《阿含經》經文定型式的開經句，此「我」代表的是佛陀弟子中「多聞第一」的阿難。本論文由阿難在《阿含經》神通故事中所扮演的敘述者身份， 以及其在經文文本中所表達的方式、與參與的程度，初步歸納分析由阿難的敘事視角，開展出（一）阿難是《阿含經》所有經典文本中「超故事層」的「敘述者」；（二）阿難既是「超故事層」的「敘述者」，亦是「故事層」的敘述者；（三）阿難「第一人稱見證人」外視角與內視角的交替敘述；（四）阿難「第一人稱見證人視角」向「全知視角」的越界；（五）視角模式的轉換；（六）迴圈敘述的視角等六類型的視角操作模式。由此可以發現靈活多變的視角展現模式，使得《阿含經》神通故事的敘述情節，跌宕生姿趣味盎然。阿含經文卷帙浩瀚，選擇神通故事進行阿難敘述視角模式的分析，只是全面性分析阿含經文敘事視角的入手初階；單就神通故事的文本而言，數量亦甚眾多，雖對神通故事進行全面歸納分析，粗具全貌的得出六類型敘事視角模式，然唯恐有掛一漏萬的情況，是以名之為「試探」，留予未來持續探討的空間。

「Thus have I heard」is a pattern of opening sentence for all the Agama Sutra. This thesis is to talk about how Bhiksu Ananda plays a narrator inside the supernatural-powered story in Agama Sutra, also his certain way of depicting the story and how much he involves with it. My preliminary analysis comes up with 6 general ideas on his viewpoint toward Agama Sutra; Firstly, Bhiksu Ananda is the narrator of 「Extradiegetic」in all Agama Sutra. Secondly, besides「Extradiegetic」, Bhiksu Ananda is as well as the narrator of 「Hypodiegetic」. Thirdly, Bhiksu Ananda narrates the story as the 「First-person Witness」, is switching his observation between an 「Outsider」and 「Insider」from time to time. Fourthly, Bhiksu Ananda reaches beyond the 「First-person Witness」to the role of 「Omniscient」. Fifthly, his mode on viewpoint is changing. Lastly, he is using ‘narrative-loop’viewpoint. Thus it can be seen that with variety mode of viewpoint made story of supernatural-powered in Agama Sutra so vivid and brilliant. As I select to analysis how supernatural-powered story narrated by Bhiksu Ananda’s diversiform of viewpoint, it is to be understood that an overall analysis on narrative and viewpoint of Agama Sutra is just a beginning. Also the 6 general ideas of Bhiksu Ananda’s viewpoint toward Agama Sutra is also just a beginning of exploration on Agama Sutra. The list is far from complete, but I will leave that for the future.