英文摘要 |
This paper extends the conventional initial public offering (IPO) earnings management study to consider initial depositary receipts offerings. In addition, we go beyond testing the earnings management incentives. Because firms with lower qualified foreign institutional investor holdings contain less information among investors, we can use qualified foreign institutional investor ownership to explain the effect of information asymmetry environments on earnings management incentives. Also, we propose that the earnings management is attributed to depositary receipt offering size relative to the existing book value of stockholders' equity. Moreover, we further investigate the post-issue adjustment behavior of earnings management and the effect of earnings management on post-issue depositary receipt performance. The empirical results indicate that discretionary accrual (DA) reaches the highest value for one year prior to depositary receipt issue. This implies the role of pre-issue earnings management. Besides, the results reveal that pre-issue DAs appear greater for firms with lower qualified foreign institutional investor ownership or higher depositary receipt offering size. Also, the DA reversals behavior occurs for those firms following depositary receipt issues. This suggests that firms with higher information asymmetry and firms that raise more capital from depositary receipt offerings have stronger incentives of earnings management. Furthermore, our empirical results indicate that the firms with higher pre-issue DAs have poorer depositary receipt return performance in the subsequent periods following depositary receipt issues. That is consistent with the findings on IPOs for underlying securities by Teoh, Welch and Wong (1998). |