二語學習者仿寫對偶修辭格其漢語作文影響分析

Effects of CS/FL Learners’ Imitating Chinese Antithesis Figure of Speech in their Writing

中國傳統和普遍的修辭形式對偶修辭格對於二語學習者而言，蘊含著強大的語言習得和生成功能，有助於二語學習者快速習得漢語字詞文句，而且在漢語作為第二語言教學的歷史上，對偶早就作為一種重要教學手段在國外長期應用，這是由於它有利於學習者有機構建和擴展漢語詞彙網路，說明學習者瞭解和掌握漢語短語的基本構造，從而能快速掌握漢語字詞並學會造句。為了瞭解二語學習者學習對偶修辭格的成效，我們設計了實驗，探索二語寫作教學過程中對偶修辭格的輸入對學習者漢語寫作品質的影響。實驗結果顯示，留學生仿寫的對偶句特點是，出現很多仿「蜂歌樹裡，蝶舞花前」的四字工對，很多不那麼嚴格的寬對，不少流水對，很多標準的「可字句」，一些抄寫或引用的對偶句，還有對偶句仿寫出現諸多偏誤。通過留學生在做完仿寫練習後寫出的作文，我們發現出現了對偶句，也出現了排比句和準排比句，還出現了不少書面語感濃郁的語句。通過對仿寫對偶修辭格過程的原理分析，對偶句仿寫產出過程可以分為構造階段、轉換階段、執行階段，體現出「話語的接受—話語的建構—話語的輸出」這一資訊加工處理流程的特點。最後，筆者建議教材及教學中可增設有意識的增字類仿寫練習，通過對漢語字詞句意與形式的習得，提高產出能力，並提高其用詞的準確性、語句的複雜性、流利性和地道性。

Antithesis figure of speech is the most traditional and common Chinese rhetorical device. Due to its productive generalization, it might help CS/FL (Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language) learners quickly acquire Chinese words, phrases and sentences. In the history of teaching CS/FL, antithesis figure of speechhas been used for quite a long time in pedagogy,for it can facilitate learners’constructing and enlarging semantic networks of vocabulary by mastering the internal structures of words, phrases and sentences. For the purpose of evaluatingthe learning effects of Chinese antithesis figure of speech, we conducted an experiment to investigate CSL learners’production of antithesis couplets. Results show that through the treatment of teachingantithesis couplets as templates by asking the participants to imitate them, their writings had the following characteristics: (1)four-character couplets such as feng ge shuli, die wuhuaqian‘Bees sing songs among trees and butterflies dance aroundflowers’, (2)not strict antithesis/duel couplets, (3)keconstruction, and (4)errors in antithesis couplets. After theteaching treatment, in the learners’compositions often appeared antithesis, parallel and quasi-parallel sentences. Based on the results, we argue that the production of antithesis couplets consists of perception, construction and outputstages in information processingprocedure. We also suggest that in order to increase CS/FL learners’accuracy in using words, complexity in making sentences, and fluencyand native-likeness in forming texts, teachers can raise their awareness of analyzing the meanings and forms of Chinese words by providing practices in imitation of antithesis couplets.