宋代理學「禮即是理」觀念的形成背景

The Formation of the Concept of 'Ritual Means Principle' in Neo-confucianism during the Song Dynasty

宋代理學興起，理學家以心性義理作為人世間禮儀制度的根本，並且提出了「理」作為禮制沿革損益的評斷標準。漢唐重視國家禮典與制度，宋代則重視以涵養為主的民間私禮，這樣的轉變，可以說是唐代門第社會沒落，新興的科舉取士帶動社會轉型的新走向之一。本文之作，首先透過宋代幾部主要的目錄書著錄，探討宋人的禮觀點有何特色，並從宋代中央集權制度的形成，探討國家五禮系統何以逐步被民間的四禮概念所取代。最後聚焦慶曆時期的講學風氣，探討理學家重視個人涵養的禮觀點形成的背景。

The rise of Neo-confucianism in the Song Dynasty has changed the concept of ＂Li＂ (ritual) in Chinese history. Neo-confucian scholars read ＂Li＂ as a bridge to the completion of human nature. ＂Li＂ was no longer a serious symbol of aristocracy. This article aims to observe how this change took place. Firstly, my article focuses on several important works of bibliography in the Song Dynasty, discussing the features of ＂Li.＂ Secondly, I will look into how the central bureaucracy system of the Song Dynasty impacted on the understanding of the ＂five-Li.＂ This article, finally, analyzes how Hu-yuan's lectures created a stereotype of Confucianism and thus finds the concept of ＂Li＂ in Neo-confucianism.