大專以上青年世代工作價值觀之比較研究：高等教育發展脈絡與性別差異觀點

A Comparative Study of Work Values among College Youths: A Perspective of Higher Education Developmental Context and Gender Difference

本研究之目的在於從高等教育擴張不同階段之青年所面對勞動市場的處境，探討臺灣社會變遷過程中，是否在不同時期的發展脈絡下，目的價值觀與手段價值觀各構面被關注的順序已有所改變？研究結果發現，目的價值觀部分，處於2001 年以前之高等教育發展階段之大專以上青年，比處在2001 年之後高等教育擴張階段的青年較重視「外在酬賞」；而與1967～1987 年三世代的專上青年比較初入職場的目的價值觀各構面重要性排序發現，代表生活安定和保障、以及和諧人際關係的「平安和諧」因素在世代的變動中愈來愈被專上青年視為首要的工作價值。手段價值觀部分，在2001 年以後之高等教育擴張階段接受教育之青年，比在2001 年以前高等教育發展階段的專上青年較重視「正義與自律」。不同世代手段價值觀平均數排序結果反映，年輕勞動者反而認為忠誠和正義感是達成個人目標的重要價值。

The purpose of this study was to explore the different rankings of work values among youths in different development stages of higher education and faced with different situations within the Taiwanese labor market. Based on the various development contexts of education environment, tests were employed to discover how the dimensions of terminal values and instrumental values have changed concerns of the youth. Results showed that the youths who studied in college before 2001 emphasized more on extrinsic rewards than their counterparts of after 2001. Also, compared to the ranking of work values among three generations that studied in college between 1967 to 1987, it was found that the values of “peace and harmony” has increased over time. These dimensions represent stability and security of life, as well as harmony of interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, with regard to instrumental values, youths who studied in college after the year of 2001 value justice and self-discipline more than their counterparts of after 2001. According to the mean score of each dimension of work values, the change of the ranking of work values among youths with higher education in different generations showed that younger workers regard loyalty and justice as the primary values to achieve personal goals.