青少女身體活動及其相關決定因素之探討：應用健康促進模式

Physical Activity and its Determinants Among Female Adolescents: An Application of the Health Promotion Model

本研究以「健康促進模式」為基礎，探討「青少女身體活動」的相關決定因素，並希望透過研究發現，體育教師能更瞭解他們學生身體活動的行為，且有效促進其採取動態的生活型式。本研究採用「兒童 ／青少年活動計量表」、「情意反應量表」、「社會支持量表」、「自我效能量表」、「知覺利益量表」、「知覺障礙量表」及「和當時行為競爭需求量表」，進行資料蒐集。量表內容內部一致性之Cronbach α 係數範圍在 .76 至 .92 之間。以方便取樣選取台灣北部某兩所職業學校及兩所高中的女學生進行調查，有效問卷共501份。所得資料以「皮爾遜積差相關」和「徑路分析」進行分析。結果發現：(1) 「自我效能」對「青少女身體活動」的直接預測力達統計上的顯著水準；「社會支持」、「情意反應」、「知覺利益」、「知覺障礙」及「和當時行為競爭的需求」的預測力，未達統計上的顯著水準；(2)「社會支持」和「情意反應」透過「自我效能變項」間接預測身體活動的效果，達統計上顯著水準。「社會支持」和「情意反應」透過其它變項的間接預測力，則未達統計上的顯著水準。由此可見「自我效能」是身體活動最重要的影響因素；「社會支持」和「情意反應」可透過「自我效能」間接影響身體活動。因此，在設計身體活動促進方案時，應該將「社會支持」、「正面情意反應」和「自我效能」當做介入變項，納入推廣青少女身體活動行為的考量。

To investigate physical activity and its determinants among female adolescents based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model. With study findings, physical education teachers can better understand the behavior of physical activity for their students and effectively promote lifestyles. The sample consisted of 501 students from two senior high schools and two vocational high schools located in northern Taiwan. Self-administered survey including Child/Adolescent Activity Log, and measures of Affective Response, Social Support, Self-efficacy, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Competing Demands Scale. The internal consistency of Cronbach’s for the measures range from.76 to .92. Pearson’s correlations and path analyses also were used. The direct and indirect paths between cognition variables and physical activity were tested. Results showed that self-efficacy had significant direct effect on physical activity; while social support, affective response, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers did not. (2) Social support and affective response had significant indirect effect on physical activity mediating through self-efficacy. In conclusion, Self-efficacy had strong influences for physical activity both directly and indirectly. Social support and affective response can predict physical activity indirectly through self-efficacy. The study findings suggest that in order to design and implement effective programs to promote physical activity level among female adolescents, social support, positive affective response, and self-efficacy can be considered as intervening variables.