從依戀理論的壓力因應談傳染疾病的隔離照護：以SARS為例

Taking Care of the Quarantined People in SARS：A Perspective of Stress Coping from the Attachment Theory

由於SARS的肆虐，使得無數大眾必須進行隔離，政府單位與社會各界也針對隔離的民眾與醫事人員提出相關的建議與叮嚀，使被隔離者可以安心的度過隔離期。然而，在社會各界普遍針對隔離措施提出規範與叮嚀的同時，是否曾經思考「隔離」的意義？什麼才是良好的隔離措施與建議呢？本文將從人際關係與支持的角度著手，了解個人在隔離狀態時，人際關係與支持所扮演的角色，並且從個別差異的角度來討論不同依戀型態（attachment style）的人在面對隔離情境時，可能需要的人際支持的種類與方式。最後則針對隔離期間的人際支持的照護提出主要的原則，以作為未來隔離照護工作的參考。

The SARS storm has thrown Asian countries into great turbulences. Hundreds of thousands of people were quarantined during the time. It wouldn’t be surprising to learn that these quarantined people would be under tremendous pressure for uncertainties of falling ill, isolations from one’s social network, and discriminations inflicted by others. What sort of help could and should be provided to them under this kind of crises, which are possible to happen again in the near future? Although many advices were indeed suggested to these people as well as to the general public, most of them were based on medical considerations, few focused on psychological adjustment, and none took the possible individual differences into account. This is unbelievable to us because it has long been a known fact in psychology that it is just not possible to find one single solution, which is equally effectively to all people. Individual differences in psychological needs have to be taken into account. Since social support has been recognized as one of the most important key to coping, the authors argue in this article that the attachment theory provides a useful perspective to the understanding of differential needs for effective social support. That is, people with different attachment styles have their unique expectations and needs for optimal social support. Thus, a progressive provision of social support is suggested to satisfy these differential needs. We believe that similar crises will definitely reoccur in the future and psychologists need to play a more active role in providing the needed help to the needy.