臺灣地區華人企業家長式領導風格與員工壓力之關聯

Paternalistic Leadership and Subordinate Stress in Taiwanese Enterprises

本研究的目的在探討家長式領導風格與員工壓力之間的關聯性。家長式領導包含三個重要的面向：「威權領導」、「仁慈領導」以及「德行領導」；本研究除了探討威權領導行為是否為員工所知覺之工作壓力源及其可能造成的壓力反應外，更進一步探討威權領導行為對於員工壓力的影響是否會受到仁慈領導行為以及德行領導行為的調節。研究對象為台灣地區華人企業的一般成年工作者，施測樣本採便利取樣方式，共計選取216份有效問卷。研究結果顯示，主管的威權領導被視為一種工作壓力來源，造成員工種種的生理壓力反應，而且對於員工的工作滿意、心理健康及身體健康皆有顯著的負面影響。而在主管採行威權領導的前提下，仁慈領導行為與德行領導行為對於員工的心理健康具有顯著調節效果，對員工的生理壓力反應、工作滿意及身體健康則無。本研究認為，員工個人現代性與華人傳統家長式領導間的衝突造成了員工的壓力；隨著工商社會的現代化，已經相當程度的削弱了中國權威的觀念，當員工不願順從權威、希望權力平等時，面對家長式的威權領導行為，必然會產生衝突和不適，使威權領導成為工作壓力的來源，帶給員工種種負面的壓力反應，即使仁慈領導及德行領導對於員工的工作滿意及心理健康有所助益，也只能部分地緩解威權領導所帶來的負面效應。

This study set out to explore the influence of Chinese paternalistic leadership on the subordinate stress in Taiwanese enterprises. Paternalistic leadership (PL), based on Chinese traditional culture and vitally different from the western leadership theories, is still prevalent in all kinds of modern Chinese organizations despite the passage of time. Authoritarianism, benevolence, and moral leadership constituted the PL triad model. The present study hypothesized that in Taiwanese enterprises authoritarianism leadership would be a perceived work stressor to evoke subordinate job strains, nevertheless, which would be alleviated by the moderating effect of benevolence and moral leadership. The valid sample of 216 workers was surveyed and later 48 of them received psychophysiological assessment. Results showed that, perceived as a source of work stress, authoritarian leadership increased the activation of sympathetic nervous system as well as decreased subordinate job satisfaction, physical and mental health; however, such negative influences could be partially alleviated by the moderating effect of benevolence and moral leadership.