阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群主要危險因子探討

Essential Risk Factors Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

背景：阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群是最常見的一種睡眠呼吸障礙，在晚期會合併很多重要器官的功能性損傷，引起心血管疾病、中風、高血壓、心律不整、糖尿病和意外事件。但是多數的患者並無明顯的症狀困擾，醒來時也很少感到呼吸困難。目的：探討阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群的主要危險因子。方法：採次級資料分析研究設計，研究對象為北部某醫學中心，2005年1月～2006年12月間290位接受睡眠多項生理監測儀(polysomnography, PSG)檢查病患的病歷資料。將病患分為兩組：有罹患阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群（194人）或無罹患阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群（96人）。結果：(1)阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群的主要危險因子有性別(p = .002)、年齡(p = .011)、身體質量指數(p < .001)。(2)中度阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群的主要危險因子有性別(p < .001)與年齡(p = .041)。(3)重度阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群的主要危險因子有性別(p < .001)、年齡(p = .012)、身體質量指數(p < .001)。(4)Apnea hypopnea index (AHI)數值的主要危險因子有性別(p < .001)、身體質量指數(p < .001)。結論：本研究結果顯示阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症候群的主要危險因子包括男性、年齡增加、身體質量指數增加和AHI數值增加。

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most common category of sleep-disordered breathing. It is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, high blood pressure, arrhythmias, diabetes, and accidents. Most patients do not have obvious torment by symptoms and are rarely aware of having difficulty breathing, even upon awakening. This study seeks to verify the essential risk factors related to OSAS. Two hundred ninety medical records of patients who received polysomnography (PSG) examination between January 2005 and December 2005 in one medical center in northern Taiwan were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, with OSAS (n = 194) or without OSAS (n = 96). This study showed that (1) essential risk factors related to OSAS were sex, age, and body mass index; (2) essential risk factors related to moderate OSAS were sex and age; (3) essential risk factors related to severe OSAS were sex, age, and body mass index; (4) essential risk factors related to Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) score were sex and body mass index. This study revealed the essential risk factors of OSAS were male, increased age, and increased body mass index and AHI score.