出生序、父母管教態度與青少年自我認同之關係－－以北部某技術學院為例

Birth Order and Parenting Attitude Related with the Adolescent Ego Identity: The Case of Students from a Technology Institute

本研究探討出生序、父母管教態度與青少年自我認同之關係。研究目的主要為：(1)探討青少年之父母親管教態度的現況。(2)比較不同出生序青少年自我認同（自我認同的重要性、自我認同的探索、自我認同的危機、自我認同的確定性）之差異。(3)探討青少年父親管教態度、母親管教態度、及青少年自我認同（自我認同的重要性、自我認同的探索、自我認同的危機、自我認同的確定性）之相關性。採橫斷式相關性研究設計，採方便取樣以北部某技術學院之學生為研究對象，以結構式問卷進行訪談，研究工具包括雙親教養態度量表、及自我認同量表，共收得154位個案，所得資料以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析及皮爾森積差相關進行分析。研究結果顯示：(1)父親的關懷管教態度大於保護管教態度，母親的關懷管教態度亦大於保護管教態度。(2)不同出生序的青少年對於自我認同沒有差異。(3)父親關懷管教態度與父親保護管教態度、母親關懷管教態度呈正相關。母親關懷管教態度與母親保護管教態度、自我認同重要性呈正相關，且達統計上顯著差異。本研究結果建議父母應採取高關懷適度保護的教養態度，以利青少年自我認同之發展。

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of birth order and parenting attitude with adolescent ego identity. One hundred and fifty four students in a technology institute in northern Taiwan were selected. Data were collected by structured questionnaires, including “Parental Bonding Instrument” and “Ego Identity Scale”. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation, in addition to descriptive analyses. The results showed that (1) both parents’ caring attitudes were more obvious than protective attitudes; (2) birth order was not associated with adolescent ego identity; (3) father’s caring attitude was positively associated with his protective attitude and also mother’s caring attitude; (4) mother’s caring attitude was positively correlated with her protective attitude and the importance of adolescent ego identity. The conclusion suggested that parents should use greater caring attitude and medium protection attitude to enhance adolescent ego identity.