台中市國小低年級學童書寫問題及其相關因素之研究

The Investigation of Factors Related to the Handwriting Problems for Primary Grade Students in Taichung City

本研究旨在了解台中市國小低年級具有書寫問題學童在習寫國字時常見的困難，並以質量並重的方式深入探討造成其書寫問題的可能原因。研究者藉由「曾氏寫字問題檢核表」、「簡明－知覺動作測驗」之書寫技能分測驗、及書寫行為的觀察，對台中市國小低年級經導師轉介疑似具有書寫問題的學童進行篩選，從中發現53位確實具有書寫問題的學童，並在獲得家長同意下進行診斷評量。隨後以「瓦列特氏基本能力評量表」與「扥尼非語文智力測驗」進行量化診斷資料的蒐集，再輔以錯別字字詞特性分析、家長電話訪談及學童家庭聯絡簿作業內容分析等，獲得質的研究資料。研究結果發現「寫字速度過慢」、「仿寫技巧不正確」、以及「握筆方式不適當」是異常書寫行為中出現頻率較高者。而「字形錯誤」、「筆劃錯誤」則是最常見的錯誤類型。此外，「注意力不集中」及「注意力無法持續」是書寫過程最常出現的問題行為。另由共變數分析結果得知，書寫相關能力會隨年級與教育經驗的增長而提昇；就多元回歸分析結果可知，知覺動作能力、寫作能力、再加上書寫行為的觀察與評量即能有效偵測學童書寫行為的優劣。此外，導致書寫問題的內外在因素分析上發現多項共同的原因，可作為未來補救教學計劃的參考。

The study was an attempt to examine the factors related to handwriting problems of primary grade students in Taichung City, for the purpose of developing effective remedial instruction for these students. After conducting screening tests, a total of 53 students were selected for further diagnosis of their handwriting problems. By applying a series of evaluation, the IQ, perceptual-motor development, motor coordination skills, as well as the handwriting behavior data of the students were collected for quantitative analyses. In addition, telephone interviews of parents and the analyses of homework contents and written samples of these students were collected for qualitative analyses. The results indicated that slow handwriting speed, lack of attention skill, and holding handwriting tools inappropriately were the most frequently seen problems associated among the poor handwriting quality of these students. The internal and external factors, which may influence the handwriting performance of these students, were also systematically discussed.