自閉症兒童遊戲能力的發展與缺陷

The Development and the Deficit of Play in Autism

本文旨在從文獻回顧中。探討自閉症兒里遊戲能有的發展與缺陷。自從一九四三年Kanner發展第一篇有關自閉症的研究報告迄今，社會互動缺陷、語言溝通缺陷及同一和反覆性行為已被公認為自閉症的主要症狀，其後的研究也大多集中在對這三大領域奧秘的探索。有關自閉症兒童在遊戲上的缺陷則是70年代之後才畫漸被關注的重點。也有越來越多的研究證明自閉症兒童在遊戲上的確有重大缺陷，尤其在表徵遊戲上，他們不僅在發展上落後，在形式上也有偏異。本文在緒論之後，第二部皆將先探討一般兒童的遊戲能力發展，第三部份以同樣的架構探討自閉症兒童在遊戲上的發展與偏異，並特別深入分析在表徵性遊戲上的特色及其相關因素。第四部皆則分析有關自閉症兒童遊戲的研究方法，並對未來研究提出建議。

The purpose of this paper was to review the articles about the development and the deficit of play in autism. Ever since 1943, when Kanner published the first paper concerning autism, we have acknowledged the three symptoms of children with autism: deficits in social interaction, deficits in communication and stereotype behaviors. Then there were many studies focusing on those areas. Researchers paid more attention to the play behaviors of children with autism in these 30 years. They found that (a)children with autism and problems in play, especially in symbolic play, (b)their development of pay delayed, and (c)their play repertoire differed form other children and the mentally retarded with the same mental age. The paper started with play development of children after some introduction, then discused about the development and the deficit of play in autism. The last part was to analyze the methodology of studies of play in autism. Finally, some suggestions for future study were made.