性別研究視野中的人文精神

Humanism in the Perspective of Gender Studies

首先，人文精神被置於其國族與其全球群體中加以思考。人文精神的國族群體起源於將人想像為霸權主義下的男性公民，而女人和身為下屬的男人皆被排除在外。在全球群體中，人文精神必須承認平等和差異。在此脈絡下，性別研究乃因其在平等與差異上的討論，以及其扼要表達、區分、解構性別差異等三種途徑，而被思考。在全球群體中，文化與性別的衝突正處於增加的狀態。作者為反射的普遍主義辯護，並提出一個模型，為在面對性別與文化時所使用的平等主義的途徑和分級的途徑整序。該模型亦顯示出人文精神、反射的普遍主義、和女權主義的相似之處。

First, humanism is considered in its national and its global constellation. The national constellation of humanism was derived from an image of man as the hegemonial male citizen whereas women and subordinate men were excluded. In the global constellation, humanism needs to acknowledge equality and difference. In this context, gender studies are considered for their debates on equality and difference and its three approaches of essentializing, differentiating or deconstructing gender differences. Culture and gender conflicts are increasing in the global constellation. The author pleads for reflexive universalism and proposes a model for ordering egalitarian and hierarchical approaches to gender and culture. This model also suggests the affinity of humanism, reflexive universalism and feminism.