西田幾多郎論「實在」與「經驗」──以《善研究》為核心

Kitarō Nishida on Reality and Experience: Placing Focus on his Zen no Kenkyu

本文目的在釐清西田幾多郎關於「實在」與「經驗」的基本思想。筆者認為，這是理解西田哲學發展的一個重要線索。西田先將實在與經驗視為等同，並且將這個思想深化為一種「普遍者」的體系，對這個普遍者之體系的邏輯解釋，則是西田所謂「無的邏輯」。因而，我們可以將西田的哲學視為是對經驗之深化的結果，而無的邏輯則是試圖對此一深化的結果，以邏輯的方式來表示。在行文上，本文區分為四個部分，首先，我們介紹本文的論題。其次，我們探討西田哲學中，經驗與實在之關係。緊接著，我們沿著經驗這個論題，討論純粹經驗所包含的的辯證結構。最後，我們總結西田存有論的看法，並指出幾個比較哲學的可能論題。

In this paper I intend to clarify the basic thought of Kitarō Nishida's 'Reality' and 'Experience', which are very important for understanding his philosophical development. It is my view that Nishida identify Reality with Experience. He deepens this thought and establishes it as a system of Universal, which later been explained as the logic of Nothingness. We can therefore say that the philosophy of Nishida is formed by reaching down into the pure experience and explaining it logically. This article is divided into four sections. In the first section I begin with a short description of the topic of this article, and then in the second section I survey Nishida's concept of Reality and its relation to Experience. Then I try in the third section to clarify and interpret the dialectical structure of the Pure Experience. My primary focus in these three sections is to elucidate the intrinsic nature of his philosophical system. By summarizing my own interpretation above, I attempt in the concluding section to provide some issues which can be helpful for a further comparative study.