論道家的逍遙美學――與羅蘭．巴特的「懶惰哲學」之對話

Discourse on Daoism's Xiao-yao Aesthetics: Dialogue with Roland Barthes' Philosophy of Laziness

現代人的生活煩忙焦慮，一切俱在實用效率的經濟計量下，無法止息。可是，另一種對反的呼聲也在醞釀，開始強調樂活、慢活的新生活運動。一方極度忙碌，另一方渴望休閒，這是現代人的分裂景觀。基本上，本文是在上述兩種生活現象的衝突矛盾中，思考道家的「逍遙美學」和巴特的「懶惰哲學」之深意。並且以對話的方式，一方面分析巴特對西方現代生活的批判與治療，及其和東方生活美學的遙契與交往；另一方面則透過道家的「逍遙美學」之詮釋，一則深化巴特的懶惰哲學，再則見出道家自然美學治療現代文明所可能具有的古典新義。最後，我得出的結論是：道家的自然冥契美學，具有心靈治療、語言治療、文化治療的三位一體性。並企圖指出逍遙美學所隱含的倫理學向度。

Modern people lead a life of anxiety, with each and every move measured in terms of practicability and effectiveness. However, there also emerges a contrasting attitude that promotes lifestyles such as LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability) and Slow Movement. On the one hand, people are extremely busy. On the other hand, they crave leisure time. Such is the divided vision of modern people. This article, in light of the two contradictory attitudes, reflects on the significance of Daoist xiaoyao aesthetics and Roland Barthes' philosophy of laziness. By way of dialogues, I analyze Barthes' criticism and therapy to modern Western life and his aspiration for the Eastern aesthetics of life. In addition, by interpreting the xiaoyao aesthetics of Daoism, I intensify Barthes' philosophy of laziness and reveal the possible therapeutic merits of Daoist aesthetics towards modern civilization. Finally, I conclude that Daoism's profound agreement with nature is a tripartition that is capable of mental therapy, language therapy, and cultural therapy. I also attempt to disclose the ethics dimension contained in xiaoyao aesthetics.