雲間詩派的形成――以文學社群為考察脈絡

The Formation of the Yun Jian School of Poetry: With the Analysis Centering on Literary Societies

雲間詩派為明清之際主盟詩壇的文學派別。一般認知中，此派是以陳子龍為首，同郡李雯、宋徵輿輔之，三人號稱「雲間三子」。不過，從崇禎二年陳子龍與周立勳、徐孚遠諸子共結「幾社」算起；到崇禎五年陳子龍與方以智定交，雲間、龍眠兩地之詩人展開「雲龍唱和」；再到崇禎十三年至十七年間，「雲間三子」的正式定名，雲間詩派的形成其實歷經了十多年的時間。基於如此的認識，本文將先考證「雲間詩派」一名之所指，而後細論詩派在「幾社」、「雲龍唱和」、「雲間三子」等三個階段的發展情形，以期能對此一重要詩派的形成過程作一完整的觀照。

The Yun Jian School of Poetry was a leading literary voice in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. It is commonly known that the representatives of the Yun Jian School of Poetry-”The Three Men of Yun Jian”-were Chen Zilong, Li Wen and Song Zhengyu. However, in considering the history of the School, it appears that its formation was the culmination of three major stages of development that spanned over more than a decade. The first stage was in 1629, when Chen Zilong along with Zhou Lixun, Xu Fuyuan and others founded the ”Ji Club.” The second stage could be said to be in 1632, when Chen Zilong befriended Fang Yizhi, after which the poets from Yun Jian and those from Long Mian started writing poems back and forth. The final stage was from 1640 to 1644, when the name ”The Three Men of Yun Jian” came into existence. The present paper attempts to verify the true meaning of the title ”the Yun Jian School of Poetry.” Moreover, it will discuss the aforementioned three stages of the School’s development: the ”Ji Club” period, the ”Yun Long Union” period, and ”The Three Men of Yun Jian” period. It is hoped that the materials presented herein will shed much needed light on this important school of poetry.