生活世界、肉身與藝術――梅落龐蒂（Maurice Merleau-Ponty）、華登菲（Bernhard Waldenfels）與當代現象學

Life-World, Body and Art: Discussing Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Bernhard Waldenfels and Contemporary Phenomenology

以「生活世界」（Lebenswelt）為核心來討論近來現象學界所發生的轉變與「生活世界」緊密關聯的「肉身」（Leib）。藉引梅洛龐蒂（Maurice Merleau-Ponty）與華登菲（Bernhard Waldenfels）的幾個論點來探索肉身生存與感官知覺各種現象，從現象學的美學角度來討論一些前衛藝術體驗，試圖顯明當代現象學置於跨文化思想時勢下之特徵，及其對道德教育和個人修養之價值。結論解釋，所謂「描述現象」之方法，至今如何漸漸轉變成一詮釋實踐，即「使變更之現象說」（transformative Phänomeno-logie）。

This essay focuses on two central concerns of contemporary phenomenology, i.e. “life-world” and “body”, to clarify the major shift having taken place within the phenomenological movement since its beginnings. Also, by explaining phenomena related to our bodily existence and to sense perception, it gives an introduction to the philosophical contribution by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Bernhard Waldenfels. In its third part, this essay draws on some concrete examples taken from the field of avant-garde art to illustrate the above mentioned issues in their relation with aesthetics. Finally, a new reading of the method of “descriptive phenomenology” in the sense of a continuous hermeneutic process called “transformative phenomenology” is proposed, by the way giving some hints regarding its connection with transcultural thinking and ethics.