可攜式學童舒壓背靠產品開發之設計驗證

Design Validation of Portable Pressure-relieving Back Supporter for Elementary School Children

國小學童書包過重問題已存在多時且有日益惡化的趨勢。改變書包背負姿勢可使重量由肩部平均分散至腰背部，以維持較佳的軀幹姿勢並減輕肌肉疲勞程度。因此本研究之目的為可攜式學童舒壓背靠之設計驗證。本研究針對20位國小學童（男11名，女9名；年齡10~13歲）進行模擬負重步行實驗。實驗自變項為三個書包負重水準，分別為：無負重、背負15%負重率書包、及有舒壓背靠背負15%負重率書包。依變項共六項，分別為：軀幹前傾角度、腰椎彎曲角度、腹直肌群活性、腹斜肌群活性、豎脊肌群活性、及自覺負荷量表。執行的任務是在跑步機上以自選舒適速度行走1000公尺。研究結果顯示有舒壓背靠背負書包行走較無背靠時呈現顯著：1.較少的軀幹前傾角度、2.較大的腰椎彎曲角度、3.較低的腹直肌群與豎脊肌群活性。綜合上述人因工程驗證結果，證實本舒壓背靠對維持學童姿勢平衡與降低相關肌肉疲勞程度有正面的效果。本研究同時支持客觀的人因工程驗證機制在產品設計領域的可行性。

The problem of over-weight backpacks for elementary school children is worsening. A good human factor design, which adjusted the carrying method, can distribute the weight evenly to lower back from shoulders, in order to maintain the best torso posture and lessen muscle fatigue. Thus, the purpose of this study is to perform the design validation of a new portable pressure-relieving back supporter. Twenty elementary school children （11 male and 9 female, age between 10~13） were recruited to conduct the simulated weight-bearing walking experiment. The independent variable is the loading of their backpacks, including no carrying, carrying backpack loaded with 15% of body weight, and carrying backpack loaded with 15% of body weight combined with the new pressure-relieving back supporter. Subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill for 1000 meters at a comfortable pace. The measurements include the angles of torso anteversion and lumbar spine angle, the activity of rectus abdominis muscle, oblique muscle, and erector spinae muscle, and the score of Borg Category Rating 10. Study results revealed that subjects walking with the pressure-relieving back supporter had significantly （1） smaller torso anteversion angle, （2） larger lumbar spine angle, and （3） lower activity at rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscle than those who did not use back supporter. In conclusion, this new pressure-relieving back supporter provides positive effect to maintain posture balance and decrease muscle fatigue. This study also supports the feasibility of objective human factors verification in the product design process.