應用德爾菲層級程序法於可攜式學童舒壓背靠之設計

Applying Delphi Hierarchy Process in the Design of a Portable Pressure-relieving Back Supporter for Elementary School Children

國小階段為學童成長發育的關鍵時期，學童採用不良的方式背負過重書包時，脊椎將長時間維持不正常的曲線，容易造成骨骼肌肉傷害甚至導致脊椎變形。透過適當保健器材的介入可以修正不良的書包背負姿勢以減輕脊椎壓力。保健器材的設計考量多方面設計要素，需利用多準則決策方法獲得客觀的產品設計與評價共識。本研究與醫療器材製造廠商合作，以可攜式學童舒壓背靠產品開發案為實例，探討應用德爾菲層級程序法於保健器材設計與評估模式的可行性。首先採用德爾菲法獲得不同領域專家具共識性舒壓背靠產品之設計要素；透過分析層級程序法建立三個構面以及九項準則，並計算準則之相對權重；再依此準則評選構想方案的優先順序，決定最適當的構想方案。研究結果顯示德爾菲層級程序法從新產品開發之初便由相關領域專家參與訂定新產品的設計要素，建立設計準則之層級架構，接著提出設計構想方案並完成敏感度分析，最終產出之產品原型明顯符合最初設定之新產品開發目標。本研究透過實例說明德爾菲層級程序法在新產品開發流程的可行性，此法簡單、客觀、邏輯架構清楚，且易於操作，可廣泛應用於不同類型的產品開發流程。

Elementary school years are a crucial period to children's physical development. If school children carry their schoolbags in an inappropriate manner, it would bring their spine to an abnormal curve, which leads to musculoskeletal disorders or even spinal deformity. Healthcare devices can adjust inappropriate bag-carrying posture and reduce spinal pressure. The design of healthcare devices should take several design elements into consideration and apply multiple criteria decision making to acquire objective design principle and evaluation consensus. In this study we cooperated with medical equipment manufactures to explore the feasibility of applying Delphi Hierarchy Process in medical equipment design and evaluation mode through a case study in which a pressure-relieving back supporter was designed for school children. First, Delphi Hierarchy Process was adopted to obtain the consensual design concepts of the pressure-relieving back supporter from experts of different domains. Then through analytic hierarchy process, three design objectives and ten design criteria were introduced, and the relative importance ranking of the criteria was also calculated. The ranking was adopted to decide the priority of each solution and determine the best solution. The experimental result showed that Delphi Hierarchy Process allowed experts to determine the design criteria, establishing the hierarchical structure of the design standard, proposing design concept and completing sensitivity analysis of the new product from early development stage. Therefore, the final product prototype complied obviously with the initial product development goals. In this study, the feasibility of applying Delphi Hierarchy Process in new product development process is explained through a case study. Delphi Hierarchy Process proves to be a simple and objective method that is not only with clear logical structure but also easy to operate, which makes it possible to be widely applied in different types of product development.