歷史文化名城、建築空間表徵與文化觀光論西安大唐芙蓉園的空間生產

Historic Cities, Representation of Architecture and Cultural Tourism: A Case Study on Tang Paradise in Xian City, China

1980 年代起，改革開放的中國，積極追求經濟發展的腳步與國內各地的文化旅遊發展，及建立城市競爭力的關係密不可分。「文物保護」工作因經濟條件改善獲得關注，「歷史名城」在文物保護政策實踐下，同時，具備了改善城市居住環境條件、城市景觀與進步意涵、推動觀光與促進投資等特性，藉由販售文化觀光之體驗經濟，「歷史名城」既渴望具備現代化都市的進步意涵，亦欲建構其文化自明性的表徵，故整體都市空間結構與建築形式，儼然成為爭逐都市空間意義的主要戰場。本文以中國歷史名城西安之文化觀光開發重點「曲江新區」的發展經驗為經，其開發區內主題公園「大唐芙蓉園」為緯，探討在文化全球化的趨勢下，意圖藉由深厚歷史文化資源，以觀光產業為發展策略，同時取得區域經濟成長與城市開發的中國，如何操弄建築空間表徵與大唐皇城之文化象徵符號，以期在文化觀光與文化資產保護均能取得文化霸權的發展模式。

From the 1980s, China's economic reform went hand in hand with the growing tourism industry and urban development. After the economic growth as a whole, people in China paid more and more attention to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. Meanwhile, to protect historic cities in modern China also implies to make cities more beautiful and convenient for people to live in. Thus, while these historic cities are eager to demonstrate their cultural significance to earn their cultural hegemony and identities, they also become more 'modern' cities. In this essay, a case study on the Tang Paradise, a theme park designed by Architect Zhang, Jinqiu in Xian City demonstrates how Chinese people took advantage of its historic and cultural resource. By manipulating the sign of Tang Dynasty as the strategies for cultural tourism industries in the context of globalization, Xian City earned its economic growth and cultural hegemony in the same time.