臺灣工業設計畢業生就業情形之初探

A Preliminary Study on Industrial Design Graduates' Employment in Taiwan

台灣自1960年代導入工業設計，迄今已近半個世紀，畢業生的就業情形如何？其所具備的能力是否堪當職場需要？這些都值得從事工設教育人員的重視。本文主要是以大學工設畢業生的角度，透過其親身經驗以了解畢業後投入職場的情形及相關議題。訪談內容包括：畢業後求職問題、目前工作情況及內涵、應備知能、工作轉換歷程、及學用適配情形等。研究發現歸納如下：（1）工設學生畢業後第1份工作多透過人力銀行獲得，其後的途徑較為多元，如師長及朋友介紹；（2）畢業生對於畢業後第1份工作與在學時期所想像的落差，主要是有關產品製程技術的問題。設計時程不足所造成的時間壓力，是多數工設畢業生面臨的工作困擾；（3）畢業生更換工作的原因，除環境因素如公司地點偏僻及公司經營問題等以外，個人因素如想嘗試不同產業、同事及部門間溝通問題，也會影響畢業生選擇及轉換工作的意願；（4）工業設計師的主要任務為設計提案，會因公司要求、呈現方法不同，應備知能而有所差異。其他如設計研究、電腦輔助工業設計、材質研究、使用者介面設計等相關任務，則應具備碩士學歷或有較豐富設計實務經驗者才能勝任；（5）設計工作多以團隊方式進行，新進人員在適應期間，常須加班以避免耽誤團隊進度；（6）服務於不同產業的工設畢業生，認為學校課程對其工作的助益情形略有不同。研究結果有助於了解工設畢業生的求職及就業現況，亦可作為後續編製畢業生調查問卷的基礎，並提供有關學用適配及生涯輔導的參考。

Industrial design （ID） in Taiwan has a history of more than five decades, and the education institutions need to review how well their graduates have adapted and developed in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to explore ID graduates' employment in Taiwan. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve ID graduates to understand their job-seeking and employment situations including job-changing history, job-finding problems after graduation, current work situation and content, personal recognition of the matching between curriculum in the school and professional competence in the workplace, and other related suggestions. Discoveries can be summarized as follows. 1） The major approach to finding a job is through job mediating online services, as well as friends and teacher's recommendation. 2） The interviewees claimed that the major difference between their perception of the design profession in the school years and the actual situation in the workplace is a lack of knowledge of product manufacturing processes. The major distressful situations in the workplaces as recognized by the interviewees are time stress caused by insufficient time to carry out a design project. 3） The reasons to choose and change jobs for the interviewees can be classified into two main categories: personal factors and environmental factors. 5） Some new entry designers need to work overtime regularly to complete job assignments, and the rest need to work overtime occasionally when an assigned job task is behind schedule. 6） The interviewees working for various industries perceived school curricula with different benefits. Based on the findings, some suggestions for design education and further studies are thus proposed.