極簡建築的構築複合性

The Tectonic Complexity of Minimalist Architecture

本文以材料特性的物質性與非物質性，以及構造特性的存有與表象手法，分析極簡建築在構築性方面的發展。在早期的極簡主義建築師可發現密斯 （Ludwig Mies van der Rohe） 與康 （Louis I. Kahn） 分別代表兩種不同的思維方向：密斯以不具有量感、卻可呈現現代主義建築透明性特質的鋼與玻璃構造，表達建築的非物質性 （immaterial） 與存有的構築性；而康則以具有量感的磚、石，與混凝土構造，表達建築的物質性 （material） 與存有的構築性。當代極簡主義建築在材料特性方面，雖然承接了密斯與康的非物質性與物質性的建築形式表現，不過在構築特性方面則不像早期極簡建築偏向存有的手法，而是比較強調表象的手法，甚至將建築形式的表現從建築空間延伸至建築的皮層，呈現結合存有與表象的複合構築性。

This study analyzed the tectonic development of minimalist architecture according to material and immaterial characteristics and the ontological versus representational aspects of tectonic form. Among the early minimalist architects, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Louis I. Kahn represent two different architectural fields of thought regarding simplicity: Mies employed immaterial constructions made of steel and glass to present ontological tectonic features, whereas, Kahn used material constructions composed of brick, stone, and concrete to present ontological tectonic features. Following the immaterial and material characteristics of structural elements derived from Mies and Kahn, contemporary minimalist architects have transferred the tectonic form from the ontological to the representational aspect combining the two architects. In addition, they extended the expression of form from space to skin with multiple layers, which has exhibited the tectonic complexity of minimalist architecture hidden behind the simplicity of its form.