Mackintosh座椅風格型態建構研究

A Study on the Form Generation of Mackintosh Style Chairs

型態建構與風格賦予是設計專業中兩項十分重要的創意工作。部分學者採用語言學的概念，將型態視為特定的造型元素依循規則排列組合的結果；而透過相同造型元素與規則所產生的型態則具備相似的風格。這種設計思維將長久以來被視為黑箱作業的造型綜合過程透明化，有助於設計知識的描述與累積。在此脈絡下，本研究以新藝術代表設計師之一的C. R. Mackintosh為研究對象，針對他所設計的座椅造型進行風格與型態建構之關聯分析，探討該設計風格之主要構成要素與建構法則，並提出產生該風格的型態建構程序。最後以Mackintosh作品的回溯與風格的重現，來驗證此一型態建構程序的可行性。本研究期能呈現Mackintosh風格與其作品型態的關聯，並藉法則式型態建構程序來達到設計知識的保存與風格延續的目的。 本研究提出之Mackintosh風格座椅的型態建構程序是由一個預設座高、座寬、座深與椅背長度均等之基本型為起始，根據型態建構法則的規範，依序進行：（1）椅面型式、（2）椅背型式、（3）椅腿型式、（4）扶手型式、（5）棖子型式，以及最終（6）細部修飾手法的選擇與變形，而達到最終產品型態的過程。型態建構法則規範了構件的可能型態與組合方法，以確保產出合理且具備一致視覺風格的型態。

Form-giving and styling are an integral part of the product design practice. The purpose of this study is to extract style-associated formal information from a corpus of Mackintosh's works for the continuation and recreation of the renowned style in the future design. Applying the morphological analysis technique and the rule-based concept, the corpus samples are first decomposed into five components each with a finite list of possible shapes; then based on the existing arrangements of the corpus samples, the combinational relations between different components are listed and expressed as form generative rules. A rule-based form generative system, consisting of a form-composing schema, a step-by-step procedure, and a set of generative rules, is proposed to create forms of Mackintosh style chair. The feasibility and potential of the proposed system are verified through reconstructing the design processes of Mackintosh's original works-the Hill House chair, and through recreating new designs with recognizable Mackintosh characteristics. Most importantly, this study demonstrates the design knowledge underneath the geometry of design works can be externalized and preserved for both educational and practical purposes.