「失諧——解困」理論與設計邏輯中的幽默理解歷程

Perception Patterns of Figurative Expressions and 'Incongruity-Resolution' Theory in Humor Design

在近代實務設計操作裡，越來越多設計師重回關注人與物之間的關係。他們運用多樣的表現形式，在本質上觸及消費者的情感和回憶，令使用者感覺幽默、趣味。本研究引介比喻式設計邏輯架構、借用文學理論以及認知心理學中的「失諧－－解困」理論、以及援引對此一歷程擴充解釋的「反向合意」模式，跨界整合不同領域理論以探求產品設計中幽默核心的問題。所謂設計邏輯架構，即是人與物之間互動的邏輯，其中本研究視「物（產品）」可以用多項的物理屬性（attribute）來描述；而「人（心）」，即為心像，可以由多項的認知基模來呈現。在設計手法裡，「失諧」是產生幽默的充分條件，指的是將設計對象中約定俗成的特徵屬性抽離掉，置入看似無關的新特徵屬性，因而產生失諧感。所謂「解困」，則是使用者使用「逆溯推論」技巧，試圖尋找聯繫「逆溯命題」和「隱含命題」之間的「邏輯關聯」。若是所推論出來的「關鍵屬性」與「認知基模」是一致諧調的，失諧便因此消失，即為解困，幽默歷程才算完整。本研究希望藉此探求過程，解開過去歸因於靈感與天份的黑箱、讓讀者窺見幽默產品引發幽默感的內在歷程。

In contemporary design practice, more and more designers have refocused their concern on the interactive connection between human and object. They make use of diverse means of expression, appeal to the consumers' emotion and remembrance, and evoke the users' feeling of humor and fun. To discover the core significance of humor in design practices, this research integrates the perception patterns of figurative expressions and the 'Incongruity-Resolution' theory. The former assumes that 'object' is composed of physical attributes while 'human' or the mental image is made up of cognitive attributes. In designs, 'incongruity', as a result of a conventional characteristic attribute of a designed object being replaced by a new but irrelevant characteristic attribute, is what gives rise to humor. On the other hand, 'resolution' refers to the discovery of a reasonable connection between implied and inferred assumptions using the technique of 'backward inference'. If the inferred 'key attribute' and the 'cognitive schema' are coherent, then 'incongruity' is resolved. This research hopes to guide designers to explore the users' cognitive process, and to unveil how design gives rise to humor.