本土化人體計測資料應用於高中、國中、國小課桌椅設計之研究

Ergonomic Desk and Chair Designs for Elementary and High School Students in Taiwan

以學生的課桌椅設計而言，學生的人體尺寸分布差異相當大，如何在滿足不同學生人體尺寸的條件下，設計一個既舒適美觀又符合人因工程的課桌椅，是工業設計師面臨挑戰的設計實務問題。國人人體計測資料庫，最近幾年在政府支持，以及學術單位的合作執行下已經建立；然而如何將人體計測資料庫實際應用於產品設計，則是另一個需要研究的課題。本研究以高中、國中、國小學生的課桌椅設計為例，探討如何運用人體計測資料，從工業設計及人因工程的角度，來考量學生的課桌椅設計。產品設計除了滿足使用者的需求外，更需考慮產品的製造成本，包含產品的生產方式、生產製程的彈性、零組件的互通性等。本研究除了遵循產品設計的原則，並從工程製造的角度，以量產節省成本的原則進行課桌椅設計。首先以人因相關考慮，擬定設計方針，並應用人體計測資料制定設計規範，再考量極端設計、可調式設計與平均人設計的概念，設計兼顧滿足「為適合不同使用者而設計」的學生課桌椅。期望透過實務性的設計，開拓設計實務研究的可行性。最後，以三個新型專利－－高中、國中與國小課桌椅設計實務的個案，來說明人因工程如何應用在產品設計的實務，其結果不但可以提供如何設計理想課桌椅，並可以作為人因工程及人體計測資料如何應用於產品設計實務的參考。

The importance of ergonomic design for users has been gradually accepted by people from all walks of life. The ultimate purpose of product design is to satisfy users' needs. Users' needs would be truly satisfied only when products are designed for 'users' in compliance with human requirements and behaviors, thereby creating a user-friendly environment. Wide variations in body size exist among students. Hence, desks and chairs designed for their use should not only be beautiful, practical but also comfortable for their body size. Using the Human Body Measurement Database established under government support and through academic cooperation, this study designs desks and chairs for elementary and high schools students taking into consideration both the needs of the students and production costs together with production methods, production flexibility, and interchangeability of parts. Following the guideline of human body measurement data, the products designed aim to provide the maximum comfort to users. With examples of three newly patented designs, this study illustrates how ergonomics can be applied to product design, which can enhance beauty, upgrade practicality and provide comfort.